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324H' i^ » ID
HARVARD
COLLEGE
LIBRARY
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>l)c PcpArlmtnt of Public IiKtritction, |SombA)}.
^
riRST BOOK OF SANSKRll
BKINO AK KLKMKNTARY TUKATISE ON GIUMMAK,
WITH UXEUCISUS.
RiiMKRISHHA,C^PAI^ij]ANDARKAR/M.A.,
II05ORAUY MEMRKK, HOYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY', I^OKDOX,
PUOKESSOli OF OUIKNTAL IJiKGUAGES, DECCAK
COLLEGE.
EIGHTH EDITION~8,000 Copioi..
HBVISKD AND CAUniKD TUKOUGII TUB PRBSS
DY
^RiDHAR RAKKRISKKA BKAKDARKAR. M. A.
(lUguUnd Jor Cnjtff»rif/fif undir Corcrttmint of JhdiuU
AclXXV.of\H(y:.)
GOVBUNMBNT CKNTRAL BOOK MIVT.
1883.
(All rights reserved.)
366 7 ^'Fg^"^'"""- ,
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■ •vfSAN
BO:^rBAY ;
PKIXTRD AT r.XSVAT KRTAIIXAJI*fl PUKAS IIV THH
PROPRIKTOR, ATMARAM KANOU.l.
HARVARD UNIVERSITY!
UBRARY
SEP 17 1981
i
i^
sd >d Nd
O >^ V9
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I
4^
PREFACE TO THE EIGHTH EDITION.
A new lesAon on tho Potential Mood hoa )>o«n
(uldcd in tho present edition. All tlie conjugAtional
tenses And moods of t)ie first class of conjugations
have thus been brought together in the same book.
Poena, 17 Ih May 188S. S.' R. B.
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION.
Tiff, study of Sanskrit has but recently risen in thrt
estimation of the educated natives of this Presidency
and of our Educational authorities. The old Sanskrit
College of Poena owed its existence and continuance
rather to a spirit of conciliation and toleration in our
nilers, than to their conviction of tho utility of Sanskrit
as a- branch of general education. Tlie mwloni critical
.ind progressive spirit was not brought to l)ear upon
' it. The old Sjistris were allowed to carry all things
in their own way. After aliout thirty years since its
establishment, the authorities l)egan to exercise actiTo
interference, until at length the College was abolished,
and a new system inaugurated, which to Ikj complete
and elTective, requires, in my humble opinion, a partial
rtstoration of the old institution.
' Tliis newly-awakened and more enlightened zeal in
^ favour of Sanskrit cannot last, or produce extensive re*
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VI PRBPACB TO TOR FIRST BDinOK.
«uU«, tinier liooks are prcparwl to facilitate tlio gcne-
rill siuflj of that langua;^ I Iiave heard stii(h*nts
complain that tli«y find Sa- -lent inoi-c difriciilt tlian
liQtin, and maiiy have actually loft thn stiuly of their
own c]a5»ical tonpruc for that of its foiiM'^'ti rival. I do
not know if this complaint has a foundation in tho
Ktmcturos of the two languages; hut thlK, at leant, I am
Pure of, tliat Sanskrit would lie considorahly more easy
than it is, if there were men educatcnl in our English
C#1]cg«» to teach ft, and if lK>oks specially adaptr^d for
l>*ginnem were available. It was with the view of
nupplying in some measure this latter desideratum, that
this little lK)ok was pi'epared al>outaycar and a half
Affa Its plan was originally sketchiHl out liy Dr.
Hang, though in a few places I found it necesnary to
cleriato from it The liook is intended princiiMilly for
lioys: lint for the lienefit of young men whose minds
have already undergone some culture, I have addeil a
Hfrcot deal of matter, es|M!cially in foot-not€S, which
peHiaps ought not to lie introduced int^) a book written
merely for children. In pi*epanng the liook, 1 found
nothing sodiHicult as composing from almut f oi*ty to
fifty Mentences, Sanskrit and English, for each lesson,
Kinoe my choice of wonls and gi*ammatical forms wns
considerably limited by the conditions of that lesson.
I liave, however, done what I could, and in several
plocen, especially at the end, have put in such sentences,
occurring in original Sanskrit works, as I ifMiem-
licrod. It is attempted to teach nearly all the declen-
sions, some irregularities only being omittc^l, four
conjugations of verbs, two tenses and one mood, |>as
T
PREFACE TO THE FIFTH EDITIOX.
VH
i^
ftive forms, and some of the more important verl»al
derivatives.
P(HiHa, Jfarch 18G4. R. G. ?».
One of my aims in giving to this liook it«? peculiar
form, was to enable the int<*lb*gent student to go
through it without assistance. I am now happy to
learn that this object it remarkably fulHls. To in-
crease it* ellicacy in this respect, such explanations as
seeniecl to lie calletl for have been addcKl in the shai»e
of foot-notes, and a few other imprevcments and
modifications \yoim made.
liatnagiri, lC(/i November leCC. R. G. i).
rUEPACE TO THE FIFTH EDITION.
It has con)c to my knowledge that in some of the
Rcliools in which this book is taught, tin; teachei's con-
sider it to bo their only duty to get their pupils to
translato mechanically from and iut^ Sanskrit the sen-
t4Mices given in each lesson. Tlioy pay little or no
attejitiou to the grammatical portion. In othe!*8, such
1>ooks as the common Ilup^vali are put into the hands
of the pupils, and they are maile to leant by heart the
declensional forms given in these. This shows a mis-
conception of tho object of this book, which is evidently
to t<mch grammar, and to teach it, not for its own
sake, but in its connexion with the language, not in a
manner simply to overburden tho pupirs memory, but
in a manner to awaken and encourage thought. The
sentoncos are intended to serve as exercises in the rules
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•nil
pmK7Aci Ta THX ripm kditiov.
nud forms, and Rhould Ix) UKrd as such. Tlio tcachor
Khoold see that tlie pupil Uioroughiy understands the
ruios and knows the fonn.% and, in going orcr the
acntences, get him frecjuently to explain the grammar
r»f the words occurring therein, and such otlior points.
Repeated eirercise is what the teacher should particu-
Itkrly attend ta To help him in this portion of his
work, and to enable the pupil to digest what he liat
learnt into a connected whole, I liave in certain places
^iven examination questions, and brought together
l^he results of the lessons that precede. Another im-
provement is a general Glossary of all the words con-
tained in the book, which will be found at the end.
I am very glad to hear from my friend, the Curator
of the Government Book Dep6t, that this book is used
in various parts of India, and that the demand for
copies is daily increasing and extending over a wider
area. Tlie improvements marie in this edition will, I
earnestly hope, increase its usefulness and render it
still more acceptable.
ibMiay, 9ihS€pi$mb$r 1871.
B. O. R
T
'd>^
i
^5i?ywsi
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[TC^iHt vm^\ '055%: ^5jr^Wt 55^: «^*T«r-
tM«^ ^'^ ^^^ ' '^ '^^^ "'"^ '
"»»
1
Ji;
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
LESSON PAOR
TiiK Alphabet 1
VERBS.— Parasmaipada— Present Tense. .
I. Sin;[»iilar Nuinl)cr ^
11. Pliiml Tcrn»inatioiis ^
lir. Dual Tonninations 7
] V. On tlic Present Tense generally 9
Central KubhIU and Examination H
PROPOSITIONS 13
NOUNS ENDING IN H AND f, MaSCULINB AND
Neuter.
T. Nominative Case 14
VI. Aecuwitivc Case 1^
VIL Instrumental Case 22
VIIJ. Dulive and Ablative Cases 2i
1 X. Genitive, Locative, and Vocative Caites. .. 28
General Jieiuld and Examination 31
ADVERBS 34
VERBS.— nAtuanepada — Present Tense.
X. Singular Number 35
XI. Dual and Plural Numbers .37
XII. Passive and I mpersonal Forms 39
General Eemlti and Examination 41
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X1&
LBMOir PA08
Femikini K0UK8 ekdikg in ^r akd f .
X i I L Nominative and A ccusati ve Cnscp 42
XIV. InsimnifnCftl, Dative, nml Ablative Caws 45
XV. Genitive, Locative, and Vocative Cases.., 4'8
Gtmral HauUt and Examination f>0
VEBBS. — iMrKRrKCT, or First Pretfritk.
XV L Farafinaipada, Singular and Dual
Numbers 51
XVIL Parai^maipada, Plural Number, and
Atmanepada, Singular Number... 53
X VIT J. Ahnanr] ada, Dual and Plural Numbers bh
General Jfe$utU and ExaminalUn 57
NOUNS EKDING IX OTIIKR VoWELS, MaSCC-
LINK AKD Neuter.
XiX. The iirKt four cases of nouns ending in
^ and ^[ Masc and Neut 58
XX. Tlio last four cases C2
Examination G5
XXI. Feminine Nouns ending in f ,7,;^' andi|( 65
Examination •. 70
VERBS.— Imperative Mooa
XXII. Parasmaipada 71
XXIII. Atmanepada 73
XXIV. Soma of the more important Verbal
Dorivatives 74
Examinalion 77
I
.! I
I
I
xia
LKSSOy PACK.
NOUNS EXDIN-O IX CO.VSONAVTS.
XXV. ^, 5, I5[, ^, inj 78
Examinalion 82
XXVL BT'f^and^^ 83.
Examination 88
XXVII. ij, ^^, and f ertC or ipT'EC ^^^
ExauUnalion 04
XXVIII. Verbs— Potential Mood 95.
Examination 100
PRONOUNS.
XXIX. Demonstrative, Relative, and Interro--
gativo 101
Examination lOo^
XXX. Of tUo Ist and 2ad Person? lOG.
XXXI. KT€C and y'f'H 109
Examination 113
XXXII. SELEOTIONS, POETIOALd:PROSE lU
GLOSSARY, SANSKRIT AND ENGLISH... 118
, ENGLISH AND SANSKRIT... U6.
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T
FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT.
ALPHABET,
7 f , ^ ai, Vt o,W art.
•=- Aiiusv&ra. : Visarga.
Semi- vowels <
Co7i80)iavls,
Gutturals ^ i\ W ^//, l]r^ y, ^T <///, ^ //,
Palatals ^ cA, «5 c////, ^ 7, ^ 7//, ^ n,
Linguals 3[^ /, ^ ///, ^ (/, ? f^//, XJJ^ 1/,
Dentals ^ I, ^^ th, ^ r/, ^^ dh, \ n,
Ubials ^^2'^ ^A ^^ H;W, V^wf,
Palatal ^^J,
Lingual ^r,
Dental f^/,
y^ Dental and Labial ^r,
( Palatal SJ <?, f,
Sibilants ^^ Lingual ^ «//,
I Dental i^#,
Aspirate ^h,
Tlie last three letters of each of the first live classes,
together with the semi-vowels and the aspirate, arc
called soft consoftnnls.
Juurd ^tfSi<^{<'/^
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k'iUttl tiUUK Ui* ttAJfSKUli.
'Xho vouci IctU.i'^ ii**^"<» ti»« followuig foriiMi wku
idded to cousoiiaiiU :—
The acUlition of H i« to be known by Uic oblit43m-
Lion of the nether stroke ; and for W, f , tt ^» ^» ^^
\>.^ ivspectively, as in Uio following instances, m
Jhich'thcse vowels are added on to a^-— ^ ^^ ^ ^*»
f% ki, ^ ki. y ku, ^ ku, ^ kri. ^ krl. 1^ kli, * ke,
^ kai, ^ ko, 2^ kttu.
The principal conjunct consonanU ai-c
^ k-ka
^ k-ta
fJBT k-*^va
^ k-na
ipf k-nia
% k-ra
W k-ya
JP k-la
9r k-va
Iff k-slia
^ k-sli-ya
or g-r-ya
TfV g-la
1^ g-va
SI- gh-ra
^ gh-va
K gl»-»a
? t.-ta
5 th-i-a
tni th-y^^
^ c)-ga
TIT d-y»^
1 f va
OT (1-nia
^ dh-ya
v^ n-uia
fUj- ii-ya
5 »'*^*
jF ii-k-ta
or ch-ya
IT ch-clia
^ k-«Ii-va ns(5 ch-ohlia
1^ k-slt-ma TO ch-chh-va w^ r-ii-ya
^ k-sli-na WT cli-"ia '^ wva
9ir W»-y«^ *5 ch-chh-ra ^ t-ta
n^ g-dba «f .i-ja ''^ ^^^
ir g-na 3ir j-ra ^ *^^i^
IT g-m 1^ J-va ^ ^»"*
these : —
fw <^«-ya
?r tri-a
fir t-p»"a
«r *^"a
^ t-pa
?^ t-sa
^ t-r-ya
W trpha
nr t-tha
f^ t-s-na
CTT trt-ra
UT th-ya
sr «i-«a
5 d-va
IT d-ya
y d-da
;;' d-dlia
W d-r-ya
i
4*
-R
^itxh's uuuic oli* aA^ittttUlTi
d
ci-iui
» l>Ia
rl{ i-lua
tgr sh-iH'
S
d-l>ni
jr l)-»-a
FT 1-va
«2r sh-ya
^
d-v-ya
«r p-ya
W 1-la
«T sh-va
3r
d-ra
^ Ixlha
«?r ^-ya
f^ ska
^
d-nui
«3r b-jn
^ v-i-a
^?T s-kha
T
d-1iha
?Ef iKla
9jr v->'a
W K-ta
|[
d-v-i-a
5r 1>ra
«r S'-»a
;pr s-">a
»^
dh-nm
nr b-ya
w v-ya
^ s-tha.
U
dh-na
«r bh-ya
>cJ5 <:-la
^ s-m
H
clli-ni
H bh-m
»i^ V-va
^ s-na
WT
dli-ya
^ bli-nu
^ V-'^a
CT si^i'a
^^
dh-va
^ bh-va
;«r v-^*^»^
W s-pha
»^
r-dh-va
^ 1)h-na
Ccf^ sh-ka
W s-ya
^
n-iKv
?r in-ra
5^ sh-k-m
^ h-na
5^
li-ya
i?r »»-ya
y bIi-U
^ h-iim
^
n-va
Tf^ ni-la
5 sh-t-ra
5 h-na
^
n-nia
»?r ni-^'a
H" sh-t-va
"4 •
W h-ya
K
p-ta
^ ni-ina
If^ Kh-trya
y h-ra
•^
p-t-ya
^ y-va
7 sh-tlia
^ h-\a
c^
p-sa
F?K 1-ka
gir sh-th-ya
I Wa
IT
p-iui
FIT bga
wr sh-pa
^
p-ya
1^ bya
«or sh-ija
or
p-iua
FT l-l^
or sh-nia
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4 nBfiT BOOR OP SAK8KRIT.
LKSSON I.
VERBS.
Parasnmipacla.*— -Prw^Jif Tfinsc.
SINGULAR NUMBER.
Terminations, \$i Perti. f^, 2nd Pers. i%, 3rd Pen. fir,
EooU of the First Covjuyntiov,
ir^ \T[^\] to
S«
«ft (sf^t) to Icacl
or carry
^ to fall
5^, (^ to
know or un-
derstand
bccon)0
^ to proti^ct
^ to speak
^ to dwell
^ (^) to move
• Th«i« UPC two sctii of conjttgHtional tcrminationii in Saiw-
kriti PanmniupQclii and Atmiincpoda. Some rootJ! take ex-
dimi^'olj Umj f«»nncr ami Home Uio latter; while there aitJ
othem which take either.
t The mtUrtitiitcfl ami oUicr dinnges which nhho rootn un-
dergo Ijeforc the conjugatioual wgn arc Rlwrn-n within rcctan-
gular brackets.
} The fiwd Towel and tlic pcnultimato »hort of roots take
their ^i«f* mihaUtiite before the H of Uic firnt conjugation.
Thoywaof f or if i»ir. of ^ o'"^"^^! *^^ ''^^^ *• *^'
andofiCiaKlfL
Thiw «ft becomee\ to which ^ is to be joined, and tlicn
the teminaUcm fir. I« Sanskrit, twn vowels ciimi«>t conio
Uigether without coaleeciog, and the rule tc» Ikj olwsrvcd m
the present case is, tliat the preceding If, vfl", ijf, and W,
become IT'Ct ^» ^'^t ^^^ *^» rcsixjctivcly ; and Uicn the
following rowel is wldttl on to Uicm ;">r+M' = »r't.+ ^ =
W and with I^, ^^' SimiUrly, «r + ^ =:Ht + V=>r^'^
ir =» *fW and with fir, H'rfil'. The forms whicli roots assume
in coasequence of such rowel changw are enclosed within
dftukr biadLiets.
FIBST DOOK OF SANSKRIT*
* RooU of tilt iSectyfid Coiijutjaiwi — M^to l)0, %pf^
to eat.
9T is added on to the roots of tlic tirat conjugation,
l)efore the terminations. In the second conjugation,
the terminations arc applied directly.
Before the temiinatioius of the first person beginning
with J5[ and q;, the preceding «r is lengthened.
^?iPn
IRfti
»I«^|
^«nf»ri-
v^\
JWiPlI
-arf^i
M^rfTI
Icrfff 1
SRTf^l
SR^ 1 ^rUri t
<Hrt!n
\$t Cmijuyalion.
^ to go, to walk ^rj" to bum «n[ to «»k
ift^ to hvo ;t^ to bow to, to
!in^ to abandon saluto
(Thou) spcakcst
(He) knows.
(Ho ) abandons.
(He) speaks.
(Thou) Icadost.
(Thou) bowcst.
(Tliou) gocst.
(He) moves.
(I) cook.
(Dga
(I) become.
(Thou) buntest
(He) dwells.
(Thou) catest.
(I) protect
(J) dwell.
(I) am.
(Ho) walks.
Criiou) fallcst
(I'hou) art. t
(1) live.
* As the second conjugation is very difficult, only two roots
are given in tliis book. It is fully treated in the Second Book.
t Before liard consonants, the preceding oonsonauta, except
nasals, substitute the first (i.e. hard unaspirate) letter of their
class ; as <f^^ + ITRr = *ih''MM, and JIT^ + Wfit=5
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C niwT BOOK or haxskrit.
LESSON TT.
PURAf. Tr.BMIXATIOSF.
\H Per*. ir% 2»fi P^ro. U, ^r^l Pir».' W(*n.
Alk CwJHgnlim. C(A Ci»yvrjalimu
TOtopcrWi ^[re^] to wish
wftodaiico iI^[T«^]U>««k
JJ to noumh r?: \}i%\ ^ l*"^^" 0' ■*•«*"
n to 1>o silly, lo8c sense, <%^ to enter
to foint «^ to aWndon or create
gJ^ to covet f^^ to touch
In the fourth conjuftation ^, and in the sixth *T, »««
added on to the rooU lM.fore the torniinations.t
The w of the root H*l is dropped Iwforc the plural
and dual terminations.
^^: It
tt<r<n
?Ti
W^i I
c
tTRT^I
?TOTT: I
■ • TiM pmwKng 5T i» dropped before a tcrminaUon with «n
milisUiute M in the ArHi.
1 At the and of wonli. f[ wheUiinr followed by any letter or
not ainU followed by a haitl oonmrniiiit or bjr nothing are
efaaoged to » rtfar^a.
FIRST nOOK OP ftAXAKRIT.
\H Covj.
Rt ('5n?) to conquor
^ [^n?0 to 800.
\^ to iniii
^n* [fir^] to dnuk
?nf, to wonship
^ t-o lioar, Mow, flow
^ (FTj) to i-oiiioihIkt
Z (f C^ ^^ take away
(You) s]>oak.
(We) go.
(Thoy) know.
(You) load.
(They) l»ocoino.
(We) dwoll.
(You) oat
(Wo) aro.
(Thoy) bum. '
(We) livo.
(n»t7)iiillictpaiiu
4M CnnJ.
Vf^^ to throw
j;?5r^ to oinbmco
JT^tolK^ploawHl
or satiKtiod
f^ to wallow
fry to dry
C/// CovJ.
fif^ to thi-ow
^ to inflict
})aii\
f^iy to show
to Rprinklo
(You) livo.
(They) nourisli.
(Wo) i>ons1i.
(Tl»oy) danco.
(You) ai-o silly.
(Wo) covvU
(Thoy) touch.
(Wo) conquer.
(You) take away
(Thoy) HiH\
(Wo) thh)w.
(We) drink.
(You) worship.
(Tliey) lK»ar.
(We) rcmemlior.
(You) throw.
(Tliey) embrace.
(We) are satis-
fied.
(They) diy.
(You) wallow.
(You) sprinkle.
LESSON in.
Dual Tkumixatioxs.
Ul Pen. ^, 2ml Pen, ^, ^rd Pf^^n. f(%
* Roots of the Tevth Covjvffntwu
qr?3r to toll qqpTr to count ^ (^rtr) to pix>claini
• Rootii of tlic tenth conjngntio.* irr, ns a general rule, l»otli
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g FIKAT DOCK OF SANSKRIT.
#%» to conti^mplat^-tftT to give painhm. to publish
-rV(^)tostoall to l*[ifK|toplciise
rf to arrange WJ^^ to dcsiro
Roots of the tenth coivjugation toko %T^ licforo the
temiinatioiuu
^\^m I
^2 1
Atli Covj.
5^ to be augi7
ij^to lie agitatod
^nst to cmbmcc
C//* Covj.
;jj^ to glean
if;%[^ to plough
ig^ to tlirob
l#i Cofi;.
f to '«k-ander,
*^^ I raiiiblo
^[11 to go, move
nrv^ to prattle
fi(99 to censure
1^ to praise or tcUl
■ •BeforoWr the final vowclH and the pcnultiiimte*f (cxcei>t
in .oma c««, - ^ TT. ^ '^^ lu.) take Uieir rr, J^A*
«.brtHiiU;tberrlrfi//aoCHMiW.o£forti»^,of'r«^^"'
A oCVar^ri»*nr.tndofiria MPJ. The iiennlUmaU
dlitTawel, except io acme ca«»,a. FI^T^^
Mibntitttte. TbWi, f^ bec<miea % wU cli mUi «T^ ia ^H^.
and with itfMi^^Rr.
FIBST BOOK OF SANSKRIT.
10^4 C07ij.
jyi to adoro, iH^ to extol or describe, ^ETR^ to appease
(You two) steal
(nioy„)givepain.
(\Ve„)toll.
(You „) count.
(They,,) see.
(We „) arrange.
(You „) desire.
(They,,) proclaim.
(\Ve „) contem
plate.
(You „) publish.
( They,,) please.
(We „) censure.
(You
are
two)
angry.
(They,,) plough.
(\Ve „) adore.
(You „) ramble.
(They,,) are agi-
tated
OVe „) glean.
(Thoy,,) extol.
(We „) embrace.
(You „)prato.
(They,,) appease.
(We „) praise.
(You two) speak.
(They „) become.
(You „) cook.
(Wo „) under*
stand.
(They,,) cat.
(We „) are
satisfied,
(You „) covet
(They „) wallow.
(We „) touch
(You „) ask.
LE8S0N IV.
Pkesext Tense Generally.
Ul Cotij. ii/t, Conj.
f^ (^inO to waste away ^^ [inf] to be mad, toerr
y (W^) to water, to 1x) wet lT^[iaT'j]to be calm or
^ (dT[) to grow tranquil
WT [f^) to stand «>T^[»«n[>o be weary
^ (1^) ^ <»"
lOlh ConJ.
V^ (W^ to wash off ?p^(^Jr?5) to weigh
mC (?rrO to beat Digitized ^^Ogle
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10
vnPr I
VI1I8T UOOK OF 8AN8KIIIT.
I
I
^J I
fTPRRf I
ei
(He) nouriidic&
(I) dance.
(You) covet
(He) enters.
(Thou) wishest
(I) adore.
(Thou)gi vest pain.
(Tt) grows.
(We) call.
(He)isrilly.
(The7)are satisfied.
(1) conquer.
(Yom)ga
(Thou) art wcai7.
(I) \vi8h.
(We two) drhik.
(You) hum.
(Tlicy) wash ott*.
(It) wastes away.
(Thou) teUcst
(He) weighs.
(They) Rt^al.
(You) arrange.
(Ho) proclaims.
(1) renicmlwr.
(They two) dwell.
(We) take.
(You) tell.
(Tliou) touchcsU
(Tliey) dcsirc,
(You two) go.
(He) steals.
(We two) are.
(Tliou) pleascst.
(1) enter.
(They) heat
(We two) cook.
(You) adore.
first book of sanskrit. ii
General Results and Examination.
Ul
Conjuf/atioii.
Siny.
Du.
PL
Ist pers.
2nd pcis.
3rd pcrs.
Uh Conjuyatioti.
Sitiff,
Dn.
PI.
Ist pers.
2nd jiei^s.
3ixl pei*s.
3«TRJ
5^:
3««nT
3«^^
6Ui CoiijntfiUion,
Siiiy.
Du.
Pi
1st pers.
2nd pers.
3rd pers.
f^Tif»r
lOlh
Cottjuffdlimi,
1st pers.
2nd pers.
3rd iKJi-s.
•^iwR
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13
Fiiurr BOOK OP sahskbit.
1. What MO tho
a Gutturals,
6 Palatals,
e Linguals,
d Dentals,
c Labials,
f Semi-vowels,
ff Soft consonants,
h Hard consonants 1
3. Give tlie Gai\a and Vriddhi of
(«) %'
(b) ¥
(d) ^
3. What arc the characteristics of tlu!
(a) First conjugation,
(b) Fourth "
(c) Sixth
<<0 Tcntli
(«) Second " 1
4. Repeat the terminations of tlic Present Tense.
• 5. What change doi« the preceding ^ undci-go
before the % and ^ of the 1st person 1
6, To what syllables are % irt, $", «wid ^ changed
^hcn followed by a vowel 1 Give instances.
7. Explain the change a consonant undergoes
when followed by a lianl consonant. Give instances.
a What arc final ^ and ^ changed to 1 Under
what drcumstances does the latter undergo the
ehanget
FIRST BOOK OP 6AXSK1UT.
13
i
9. Give the forms of the ProKfut 'J ciisc of — [As
many roots as aixj necosfiary to impress the forms
thoroughly on the pupil's memory hIiouUI 1x5 put under
this question by tlm TeaclitT.]
Prepositions (TqpEnf)wlit'u prefixed to verbs modify
the original sense of the i-oots. Tli<^ following arc
the principal of these : —
Brt?r beyond ; Vff^mv^i^ goes owv or U^yoiid, tnius-
gresses.
^ f over, aljovo, \i\yon ; ^Hfrrs^ goes o\er or
( on, I. p, knows or got«.
V[J after, like; 3T5^TOf*r, KSTT^SffiT goes afU'r, follows.
STft: to, unto, near to ; ^TPHTOrf^T gops to, or near to.
ar^ down, ofT, from ; ^^^ goes clown, dc^sceiuk
f bounding or limiting, rt^vorsing, to, as far as ;
I arnncgjfir comes ; 3ndfl% grows to, ascends.
W
^
I up, al)OV(', su^HTior ; 3^<JTffH falls up, jumps;
I <iA*i5irf goes up, rises.
grr near, less, next to ; ^q4|«i9|^ appi-oaches.
f^r in, down ; f^^^lrf sits down.
q*^ oppositt% or op|)OK(Hl to ; qTHPT^ defeats.
Jrt^ revci-ted, again ; ^rt^HP^ sjKuiks in return, replies.
IT forth, iKjfore ; Sj^||fr| goes forth.
1% privation, apart, away ; j^l^^f^ separates,
^lieing conjoined with ; •^sprp^j^ Wcomes uni
unites.
united.
• ^At tlio Olid of a wonl or particle, followctl by a coii-
Monant in goiionil, U cliangctl to uii anuKvAnv optionally, oncl
uecemarily wlioii it is followed by ^, 5f, ^, J, and T. When it is
not cluingfd to an anusvAra it is changtNl to tlio nasal of the
class to which the following letter belongs »ud ta lujuisa) ^, 7,
^ when followed by 'T, q", «^rcsi)cctivoly.30^1^
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u
FIRST DOOK OF SANSKRIT.
LESSON V.
Nominative Case.
I. Nouns ending in H.
Terminations.
Neuter
Dual
t
riaraf.
I^lasculine fT
SunsTAXTiv>». (MMcnline.)
jjq imnic of a person
JWf a trtH3
^rg^rsca
^ a cook
1^ tlic hand
^^ a hoi-Rc ^ a king
^ Ood TTf ^^'w^
^ a tortoise 3^ a son
^pfpooplo,man iTTHacliild
9ft7 life, an yr^a wise man
animal ^ a ^^^
jfiraman |»yag^Q^<^
Uk«UK,plm:coC lK,thui^inilH.fir.t two caec*, amUTT m
UicU»ttwo.
♦ Wien .ny^tmcl, »h«rt or I..ng. excel* Uio Uuit four w
I«U. i. tl.o ««ne vo«-cl lengthened ; ^ + WC = ?Wm; ;
t M 9T or W U foHowd by T. ». «. or ?r, Aort or Vong,
^ con«po«B»8 »«»• »«**" » «.brtit«t«l tor both.
f
HRST DOOR OF 6AK8RRIT.
(Nmler.)
sfTif ^jy a lotus !5:;5r niiscry j^Hf a leaf
a fruit
friend
15
jf^ a liouiio &sr wealth mf^ a fru
3nT wtilcr (ipr tl»c eye j^M' a fii
^IS mouth
g?jrhappmes»
1^ heart
3^1 3^: I
Sentences.
W5S g«»r^ I
* When viiMipi io ])recciloil by H aud followed by 9? or a
Kuft coiiHoiiaiit, it in chaugcd to T, which, with tho preccdiug
«T, Ihjcouich ^ (see the last note, p. 14).
t Sc« notcj, pogo 4.
% Vi.«mrga prcccclccl by ^F nnd followed by a vowel or a soft
consonant is dropi>cd. It is also droi>iH)d when preceded by ^T
and f«»llowcil by juiy vowel except M". Tlio two vowels thus
brought together by the droi^ping of vistu-gado not coalesce, c^r.
'nrr ?^ for ^^ : t^; f^ p^Rt for f^: f^vjrt%.
li •^ coming after ^, J or ^ in the same wortl is clmngud
to % This change takes place even if a vo^'el, a semi-vowel
(f'^oxceptal), tlic aspirate^ or a letter of thoguttunJ or
labuil chiss, comes between V,Ior^and^ Tliii change
docs not take place when ^cuds a word ; iis TCT^.
i See note, page 13.
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16
nBST BOOK OF SANSKRIT.
Kings protect
(Two) children wallow.
(A) eon pleases.
Hones gallop.
Winds bear.
God creates.
Trees grow.
(The two) seas arc agitated.
(A) wise man is calui.
Fools prate.
(A) friend asks.
Leaves fall.
(The) heart is satisfied.
iOooks cook.
2. Nouns ending in f .
Terminations.
SingtUar Dwxl Plural
Masculine ^ (none) s^?^
In the dual the vowel f is lengthened, and Ixsforc
«n^of the plural, it takes the gtina substitute.
Keuter (none) i ^
Before the terminations beginning witli vowels ^
is added on to nouns in ^ of the neuter gender, f is
lengthened before the nominativo and accusative
[dural terminataoD.
Substantives.
irft an enemy
llf^asword
9f(^ ocean
iflAttliegodlliva
^jftrasage
qrt^ a monkey
^ a poet
^rft ^ mountain
yrfir ft king
q^ Indra's thuu-
derlK)lt
Trf^ the hand
FIRST BOOK OP SANSKRIT.
17
in% an ascetic
sinf^ sickness or dis-
ease
f 1^ the name of a man, or
the god liidra
If not (tWw/t»ia6/<?).* ^frtt n. water.
Sentences.
^5llf6T I
X Siva protects.
II Sages are tmnquiL
Monkeys run.
(A) poet describes.
Kings lerxL
Ascetics do not desire.
(Tlie) sword falls.
(The two)enemie8 conquer.
Hari becomes angry.
(The) hand sprinkles.
* Wonla wliich do not tak« CAne-terminatioui^ i. e. are not
inflected, mpo indcclinMe.
t ^ or visarsa preceded by auy vowel except ST or ITTy and
followed by a vowel or aoft conionant, ia changed to %,
X ^ followed by |[ is dropped, and the preceding vowel, if
■liort^ is made long.
U Viaaiga followed by l(][p 7, or 1S[, is either retained or
changed to 1^ ^, or ijr^ respectively.
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18 FiRfnr m>OK of saxsrrtt.
LESSON VI.
Acer RATI VR Cabr. **
I. Nouns ending in ^.
TerminAtions.
Sim/nJnr Dttfd Plural
Masc \ aft" smr
Neuter — same as the nominative.
Hie accusative forms of neuter nouns are always the
same as those of tlie nominative.
SriWTAXTIVKS.
Htf^f cooked rice
pf^ a senant
li^t^ a treasure
ri^ an elepliant
iipr a village
•JPTO &^tlicr
fff the body
qrf the foot
j^ a man
in^ a wise man
fSrrrw ^ cat
x([^ a burden
^Pl^ absolution
i^ a wannor
%f Veda ( Hindu
saci*ed scriptures)
lieuter.
arnr a tiger
lEIT a i-ogue
IJX an an'ow
ftrf a lion
ijif t)ie sun
^ a thief
^^ Heaven
ipf ^ a town ^?5r cloth
xu^ sin ^^ poison
j^lHi a 'x)ok 5^of gold
^m flesh
Roots :— 10/7* Co»»;.
ftry to punish, HWC^to eat, ^nl to seek.
H^C^ a forest
in^ reality, truth
^grass
i^jT'^ com
FIRST DOOK OF KAXftKRIT.
19
Sextexces'.
^f jrr«RTT»T: I
• When V[ or W at tUc eu«l of a wonl or gniiniimticAl ftmu
in followed by ST, the latter inei-gcH \nU» tlio fonncr ; ».r* it \n
iieitlior pmnouiiccfl nor written. In \in iihcc tlio mark ^S 1^
generally put
t Verbs implying motion govcni tho accuiiativc, and homo-
times tlic dative, of tho place to which the niotitm i» dirocteil.
J >Mien ft 3", ^, and t^f, nhort i»r lonyj, an» followed by a
diiiHiinilar vowel, ^, 5, ^, and W, arc rcniKictively mdiHtitutotl
for them.
11 A final % when followed by % fj. ?T, U, un*! ^i ?f »»*
changed to an anusvAra and viijargti. Vixargn followo<l by ^
and tl^iH changed to fj^; by 'T^ imd 1^ to ^; nod by ^ and
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30
KIRST llOOK OP SAXUKRIT.
lUma 6008 tigei*K.
Hoiifeslioar (tlio) troasuro.
(A) wise mail alicciids to
lleavcii.
Lioiis cli^our i^lophaiitR.
(FTo) founts (tl»«0 finiits.
(The) QKcetic f<oos to (a)
foiTftt.
(Tlio) warrior ilisclmi^^oi^
(two) arrows.
Gocl protocts 111011.
(Wo) ciitcr (two) villages.
(A) son pleases (liis)fatlicr.
Thoy wash (their) f»xit.
(Two) fools drink poison.
Kings punish tliicves.
(They) arrange (the) books.
(You) eat cooked rice.
( 1 1 is) friends ivinenil »er
ilAnia.
People pmise(tlieir) kings.
Wise men lead people.
(1) understand (the) truUi.
(The) Vedas praise (tlic)
sua
2. Nouns ending in f .
Tcnninations.
Swf/nlar Dval Plural
Masc n [none] ^^
TIic ending f is lengthened in the dual and licfoiv
Uio \ of tlie plural.
SuBSTANTiVKS. {Ma$ad\ne,)
^^ a boar
lf/?f an oblation(food) tx^ a heap
ftipif a licggar
jrfof tt jewel iftf^r fato
jjp% tho sun ^rff rice of various
kinds (a grain of)
j^T^f^ a crowj^fT^f^r a charioteer
^ wUh HFr ^9i Coitj., to lii-iiig.
!
FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT.
21
<-*
1
SEKTENCE.S.
Hd r«riv srqfii I
Mt ^(if f^ I
Poets pmiw^. sages (^ishi).
llama salutes iXK*,ts.
(An) iiKcetic goes to the
mountain.
(I) strike (two) monkeys.
Jiari brings heaps.
(A) warrior thmws a swonl,
(1) desin* jewels.
(ir<») rambles over seas.
(The) man entei-s liiv.
(He) asks (two) chariotcei-s.
♦ Wlidi ^t»r a coii»«oimnt of the ilontsil cIjwh in coiiii»oniMlca
with ^ov a cfUiHoiinnt of the imliitnl claHK, a luttcr of tho
latter claw* in HiibHtituto*! for the fonuer, ami iii this oixUt,
vii. «I for ^, '^ for 5, *r for % kc, Tho Hftinc haiUHJiw when
ilcntalH arc o»iiibino<l with liiigualH, ^ being «ub«titutctl for ^
^for^, Tjor^, &c.
t llicrc arc a few cuhch in mIiicIi twn vowelu. though e«»niing
together, do not cwilencc. Tlie rule apuliciiljle in ihc |»rC8ont
cju^e U that when Uic dual of a noun or a verii cndn in |", ^ or
7, thc80 vowels do not
'=sf^irz''e5'Sv*ir^gl^""'"'
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#*3
k'iiibt iiOOK UH' bAX&KUit*
Lli8.S0N VII.
IxSTIiUMKNTAL OaSFm
N0UU8 eiiduig in 9T ttiid f.
Tenuinations.
.Sint/nfnv Dual IHaral
Masc. i ^- ^ ^ ^
1 T— IT ^
The preceding K w lengthoiied Ixit'orc «^.
Shtf/nlnr Dnnl PInral
/ Nouns ending in K a»>' "» ^** except tlie
Xeiiler- lii-st two eiises declined exactly like the
I coi'ii*s| Handing nioscuUne.
«nft«n* ^rr«?i^ ^^f^:
.StiwTANTivf». (Jfdifcnfiue,)
«r^'^K a" onm-
niont
ip7gud of thunder
^iffl^ a piX5sent
^^ liand
fHTcndont of }ifr
^JT'Sf lame
finr a (»tick
inr tt river
5rrr^cir a wilor
qf?r a foot-soldier
ifpr a" arrow
or UrAhniana
Hm* a Vf'dic vi»»tw
at the iSonia
sacrifice
of
^TSr eilbrt
^ chariot
Lanka or Cry-
Ion, the great
enemy of llAnia
ftrf^ saci-ed pre-
cept
sinnTnra^'icrilicerwnira vei-sc
^ 2Seo Uio rules, p. Itf uud iiuto Q, p. 16.
HiibT hOija UV tfA2i»Kiii'r.
:!a
a^fff'a wheel
^r^^ merit
S|7if a machine
?7^ a jewel
Kir food
^zSi materials of
woi'ship
;5rt^ a spade
ifrt" family ormcc
{^IPttodig
J[^tmlh BTT, to know
iiTi^tomove
% vjilh IT, to strike
Sextkxces.
^rfrt tlic iiody
^jp§ar a science
^^ff^ tlu^ head
i||5ffaVedichynm
^ with (iH-
declhiable) •
Cohj. to tear
5nf^#r^3?5rf^Tf^'
* ^ governit tlie iuttruiuental.
t 5(r ttttor auy vowel vxc«i>t tUc loot four is opUouiilljr not
cuiubiuod.
t' See rulv iu Uiu UtUr iwrt of uoto II, Imico 10.
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2i
nBST BOOS OF SAKftKRIT.
RAina adorns (his) body with jewels.
Man speaks with (his) moutli.
Men nourish (their) bodies with food.
(They) bear loads by (their) heads.
Ilari pleases (die) sago with efforts.
Kings arc pleased with presents.
Cliariois move by (means of) machines.
(The) BrAlimanas invoke (a) god with (two) hymns.
(He)wor8hips God by (according to the) sacred precept
(Ho) praises B4ma by (two) verses.
(The) man stnkes (his) enemy with (a) sword.
lUma goes with (the) charioteer.
Kouns
eitfling
in«r
111
LESSON VIII.
Dative and Ablative Casks.
Terminations.
SttifjiUar Dual Plural
Dat ?sr wrr^ *t^
) Neuter, — same as the masculine.
Before ?sr and v^XH, the preceding ^ w lengthened,
and lieforo Mf^it becomes 7.
|Ma8C
>S ^
iuf
I
Nouns
Dat 7
^^^
*^f^
FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT.
25
Dat f^* + ^r = f ^
Abl. ^ + ^=f>:t
Dat. ^^
Abl. ^^:
K'^^T^n<^*i)<^of
a man
^TTTTif pi-ecep-
tor, tutor
i|{fi7 a strife, a
4uan*el
^iu| name of a
person
«ia>i' anger
?lfn[r two miles
(^ sesamum
KRIirrsky
HRH* a seat
nrpf a garden
^f>l||u| welfare,
good
SUBSTANTIVKS.
Masculine,
{f^f an island, con-
tinent
P{^ a golden coin
ff^ a mountain
(rnr a sinner, sinful
UPETRT a palace
)T<Rr A servant
srrq'a kind of pulse
if^;^ sweetmeat
^||4|^a mendicant
fjyJTSF people, world
^^ killing
jiQif a flower
TTrrsrrastar
^¥^tK a small
lK>ud, a puddle
^fJlTT dinner
^n? a hog
^PT^ modesty
f^niE^tK)p, summit
firwT pupil
^rnf a caravan, a
crowd
^srrrftr general,
commander of
an army
^fim a soldier
^l^^ eight miles
^ a forest, wood
^f^ a hundred
* Tlio •niUiig T or 7 of maaculint noiini takei its guna
•iibHituie before the terminal ion h of the Dative, Ablative, and
Genitive singular, and of feminine uouua opiiooiilly.
t The H of W^ie dropped after the preceding If or iff.
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26
FIRST DOCK OF 8AX8KRIT.
Roots.
ipi wilh «rt^, to obtain
Ufir, to excluuige
)i|^ to worship
^ foUh Z% to 1x5 produced,
to wsult
up, rise
f^tcitli OT, 6t/* coiy., to teach, odvis
i| lOcA <xw#;. to hold, to wear, to o wc»
•unit bow ! I ftHT without | ^f^ hail !
8rkte>'cks.
•tj in Ui5.»ciw«»g..veiii- the .UUv.«t U.« i"""'" l" '''"«"
MMueUuns is owing.
inatrumenUli or •blktivc. .
I The nrtcwUng comwnimt ( except a iiimiu j u«
a toa consooani or the initial vowel of * wt»nl.
FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT.
f^: g^^W "ff^ I
RAnm goes lionie for dinner.
Finiits fall from trees.
(I) give money to mendicants.
Hari owes (a) hundi'cd to As'vapati.
(A) wise man worships God for absolution.
(Tlic) general leadst (his) soldiere from village to
village.
Ib-alnnaiias ol>tain wealth from kings.
(The) mountain is two coss from (the) sea.
Uari goi's to (the) garden for flowers.
Misery results from sin.
(The) gods throw sinnei's from Heaven.
Rima en-s from (his) duties.
(He) brings rice from (two) heaps.
Stars fall from (the) sky.
Kail to (the) ^locts !
• Soc rule in note • i^go 21.
t Thert are i*onic rr»ot« that govern two accusatiTeii ; ni,
PT^ a»d ''^ *ro iuBtaucof . The Mynouymii o£ these aUo
govern two.
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28 nmrr book of saxsxrit.
LESSON IX.
OnriTivE, LocATivB, and Vocative Gases.
Tcrniinaiioiis.
SiiigiUar Dual Plural
Nouns ( g
5
NmtUr — same as tlio masculine.
The preceding sliort vowel Ijcconies long before qrr^.
The final K IxHromes Ijr before sft^ and «f .
Nouns (J
ending J 'S^^"- "^ ^^
in
dingJl^*'"- ^ ^ "^
The preceding f is dropped hcforo a^.
The Tocative singular of nouns ending in K is the
same as the crude, and that of nouns ending in f^ is
formed t>y simply changing Uio ^ to q*. Tlio dual and
plural of the vocative are in all cases the same as tho
corresponding nominative.
Geti. ^PT^ *\H^' nTTTPt
tioc. ^ <ih4^: n^5
Voc. CTT xx^ cnn':
Gen.
Loc.
Vofc
* 8m not* t page 25.
FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT.
29
Nouns i S Q^,^
r-^dj^S 1 J Loc.
The vocative singular is ^ or ^.
Gen. ^ft^: ^f(^:
Loc. ^nftf^ ^^^'•
SUDSTAXTIVKS,
Maacxdi'ixe,
^^fipf medicine
^f^nr^ master
BTTSTFC conduct
SRmTT a lake
?ira- a sword
iftcTf sunmier
^79[ the moon
^lamp
^3
^^nrfff god of
wealth, Kubcra
^fig ff a rich man
^ duty, virtue
l^f^stow
incniPT exploit
q ifi^t^ pi-otcctor
iT^fTO light
ly^TT^ favour, grace
«{^ scn'ant of
Kul»cra
^ caste, colour
^ a warrior
^ a bullock
»ijrnf a ^>east of
pi-ey
5»r^ Rima's
charioteer
^ ghee
i?jft?f the man-
ner of lead-
ing life
f^nr niind
lighting
7f fj censurable
Ncvier,
jpiPT evidence,
authonty
^^ battle
^ a herd
nra^tail
Adjectives.
^r^ saying
^r^ beauty
fTif mansion
(^ snow
hot, fierce I inrW praiseworthy
fjfhf long 1 WV^ salt
inpT fi«t 1 ^ best, superior
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30
FIRST HOOK OP SANSKRIT.
^m^wilJi 9T to sit. 9r ind. whcra t
JTote. — Adjectives agree with the sulistoiitivcs they
qualify in nuinlier, gender, and case.
Sentences.
pit: nK««l{M: q?TfiT I
^^^ i[T?r»r: %»: I
TORt ^rfw 'Tji^i
¥wt Ht%3 ^'^rt 1-
ft: 3^?T^ ?FlfW I
fiRj ^^[f^ fiTfT: I
^VPf ^^ H^ SfttT I
(The) condact of (tlie two) sons of Hari ispraiseworthy.
(There) are lamps in (tlie) houses.
^e) yahhoi are (the) scr%'ants of (the) god of wealth.
• See note f PS* 27.
FIRST HOOK OF SANSKRIT.
31
(TIic) tails of inoakeys arc long.
Among poets, KAlidisa is (the) iii'st.
(The) man's servant goes to (a) village.
Kings reside in jMilaccs.
Rich men dwell in mansions.
Rima is (the) U'st of men.
(The) water of (the) lakes is salt
(Thei*e) is snow on (the) tops of (the) mountains.
(A) thief steals (the) wealth of (a) Brilimaija.
(I) am pleased at (the) Ixuiuty of (the) gai-dens.
(He) hnngs (a) leaf of (the) ti-ee.
(1) tlirow ghee into (tlie) fire.
Gkxkral Results and Examination.
^ '"•
•S'iwi/,
D».
/v.
Nom.
^••
f^
Ace,
fm.
Tf^
^nri
Iitstr.
yK
^^MW.
#
Dat
«i«jra
f'TMrn!;
5^:
AW.
^'iifi
?^r«rr^
1^:
Geii.
?^w
f^:
?^n«rrs[
Loc.
^
g^s
^
Voc
TT
yn^s
Nom.
^rt%5
2irrf^
Jinws
Ace.
*fiHf.
iirrtt
^^^
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FIK8T BOOK OF SANSKRIT.
Sing.
Di(.
PL
Instr.
^Kf^Pff
9il?y*5TPr
^fi^Prs
Dat.
mps^
sirfwrr^
Biii^r«r5
Abl.
Gnu
5irtrMr:
^rflHIH.
Loc.
^fw
^TRfr:
^1^
Vofc
HiS^
^nft
ffw.
Norn.
^pni:
^
^Trf^
Ace.
«R^
^
q*iiPi
Instr.
1^
ini*«4in.
^:
Dot
^«fW
^TT^rrj
'l^:
AbL
'RI'l
«RPTnt
^nNr:
Gen.
IHW
'pr^ft''
^^Hri
Loc.
^
T^:
^
Voc.
vt
^
'TTTPf
5?Pt «tjr. »w. /: »!.
Vom.
grJ^
9tfw
5r>W^
Aoc
90%
S^Prft
^i^ftp'i
Inttr.
B^^prr
?r^f^*Tnt
HiPrPrs
Dat
gcl»i^
5^fwnr
5tf^!
FIRST UOOK OF OAKtKRIT.
33
Siwj.
Dv.
PI
A1.1.
gtft^!
^^f^^wn.
gtfiws
Geiu
50%^:
StPHt:
sriWT^
Loc
5TfWr
Qtl%^!
go%5
Voc.
jSFfir 9T^
yfft"fl
SoftPr
1. State ami explain tho rules of Sandhi of the
following letters with instances: —
a. Similar vowels «xcept tho last four.
6. K or arr followed by f , ^, nr, or 5r, sliort or
long.
c. H or STT followed by If, ^, Mt, or i^.
f^ f , 3", 5|t, or ;y , sliort or long, followed by any
dissimilar vowel.
«. If or w followed by ^.
/ Tlic ending ^, BT, or if of dual nouns followed
by a vowel, and i|c after any vowel except
tho last four.
y. H^at the end of a word.
Ju ^ and the dentals witli ^and the palatals.
j. ^ and the dentals with i; and tlie linguals,
k. Any consonant of tho fivo classes except a
nasal followed by a soft consonant, or
tho initial vowel of a woi'd.
L 5 followed by j.
2. When is \ cluingcd to «^?
3. Under what circumstances is Visarya changed
to M^, I, or ij, ^, and ^^ and when is it droppedt
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34
nmrr dook of Sanskrit.
4. Whon 18 final ij^ changod to an antisvdra and
5. What cases do tlie following verbs and particles
govern :—
a. Verbs implying motion.
b. Verlis implying angur, nialia*, rivalry, and
jealousy.
c ^ in the sense of to oire, and f^.
rf. fff , Vrs, ^q#T, and f^,
€. Mention any roots governing two accusatives.
7. Decline the noun — [Put in as many as may 1k5
necessary, of the masculine and neuter genders, ending
in «r or f .]
SoiM of the more im})ortmU indeclviables.
Adverbs or 9T^ir.
%nf : hence
inr to-day
iTjprrnow
Xfit so, thus
fnrS[ in this man*
X% like, as [ner
ipfonly
IHF^^ns
i|iip(in Whatman*
^nrwhonl [ncrt
^bttt
jvff: whoncc?
3pr or 9r whoro !
f^TT^ long {lime)
f(^i tlionce
?nr there
Iftn* in that man-
9f^ then [ner
3«T^ again
3pcr formerly
HIT 2 whence (#•*?/<?-
iiw) [<tV/j)
^^ where (re/o-
inrr in which
manner (re-
htlive)
IT^ when (f«.
Jalive)
Jt^ in vain
^fl^ to-moiTow
?T^ always
^TTWeverywhere
Ujwell
ff^ yesterday
FIRST nOOK OF SANSKRIT.
35
LESSON X.
Atmankpada Tbrmikations.
1. Singular.
1st pcrs. 2nd pcrs.
f ^
Roots.
•\Bi Conj.
^to sport, to
1x5 divortctl
^ (tK) to
please, to be
liked
FP^toget
^^ to salute
f^(^) to in-
crease
^to tremble,
to quake
3nl pers.
lfl^^tosee(tct^/iH^,
toexpect;ic»^Airi
to see; and tcith
q^, to examine)
igf^ to sliake
iRP[rtci7/*irtoshinc
^TT^ to speak
5P5 (ifr?) to rejoice
l^ij to strive
xy{^%oUh arr to i>e
gin, to be engaged
4^A Coni,
^nt [HT] to be produced, to
result
j\^ to fight
• The conjugational i>cculiaritici! formerly mentioned •hould
be remembered in conjugating these rootii.
t Roots of the (Wt covj. ending in ^ «ub«tiUite for the %
ft, which with the folloi^ing K of the conjugational sign,
become. ftlT; e. i/. J •"f.^ia^^y ^5^6^
^ to suspect
f^r^ to learn
splendid, to be-
come, to behove
^/<?»^/iaTTtohopo
HjT^ to panegy
rize, to praise,
to extol
^n^to endure
^ to 8er\e
g t [fiRT] to die
^[ft<l to obtain
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30
FIRST BOOK OF f»AK6RRIT.
lOih Covj.
xftl^ fciih in* to disregard, I ♦ apt *^ ^^^^ [stroy
to despise I ^i;^ tnVA I%[f^^] to dc-
SUDSTANTIVES.
iTURpr tt. study
VT^fif fk a lie, falsehood
ITV n. a niiraculous
weapon
A^H nu exertion, industry
^p^^ nu name of a man
^^ 9ik pain, distress
«n*^rnr ^i* ^^ conduct
7^^^w, a school of philoso-
tnft^fhf^^i. ft reward [phy
v[^ n. fear
f^TMrf^^ >''• name of a sage
l[rRpr »^ order
^grfP^TR w. good conduct
?^i)). affection, friendship
f^HFtlTYi. tranquillity,pcaco
SCNTENCES.
5^ w 5<WKW4 5ini# I
* The Towcl doM not take the gima subttitute in thie in*
•tanoe ; the root is Atmanepiidi only ; »ee |ioge' 7, note*.
t ^^ iuid other verU having the siune aenso gofern the
daiive oC the peison or thing pIcRscd or eatiefioil.
1
FIRST BOOK or 8AKSKRIT.
(I) l)egin (the) study of
Nyilya.
(Thou) endurcst pain.
Krishna sports wiUi chil-
(Thc) tree shakes, [dixjii.
(Thou) servcst the king.
(I) obtain wealth.
(He) salutes Risliis.
fights
37
wiUi
(A) wamor
enemies.
(Tliou)oxpcctcst(a)roward.
(I) nyoico at (the) wel-
fare of friends.
(The) rogue despises (the)
king's orders.
(I) see (a) monkey.
Dual
Plural
LESSON XL
Dual axd Plural.
1st pers. 2nd pers. 3rd pers.
ir^ r)r T^
As in the Parasmaipacla, the preceding ar is IcngUien-
ed Ixfore the i(^and t{ of the Atmanci)ada terminations.
IHural 4|«^|ii) ?F^ ^•^•^
Roots.
^[i^to pmisc,
to flatter
IIH^ to forgive
IJ^ with ^ to
swagger
let Conj.
it (-nr) to fly
ij^^tolwg
^rr^toixjg
fft (^) to liC
VI HL to thix)b
Rt (FT^J to smile;
trt^i I^, to won-
der, to 1x1 dis-
mayed
?j^totasto
• 8oo note • pago 6.
t See note
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36
nitST BOOK OF 8AX8KBIT.
Uh CohJ.
^1^ iriUi KJ to obey
lOl/i Co}ij.
^fl^ with Hr^ to salttto, to
respect
90=3j^ m. rise,
prosperity
^ff^ n, a nmn^o
Tlfjif Mt. applica-
tion, exertion
^Ripr ft. fraud,
deceit
Tn^^ w'* songster
ij«f M. merit,
quality, virtue I
SlBSTAXTIVKS.
i^f^ w. skill
Ifffjfr wi. rice
5«Br te. money
»r^nT w. eye
9rf?T!R'''i^ name
of a man
^nNr »'- cHiTc
tion [a dance
^^iK dancing,
*fy III. viola-
tion,! breaking
^^ vt. a peacock
^f^^ III. spring
<IMI4^ ♦*. a win-
dONV
Vn^r II. rudeness,
iinpudcuce
^jqfi 1^1^ a parrot
^IW w. singing
?^fij offj. one's own
Sextences.
i
T
FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT.
39
^«^T?^ "^^^ ft?«W5%
(Wo) get fruits in spring.
(Yoii) speak lies.
i^Iountains shake.
Stars shine.
(You) Icam to dance.
N»li-Ayaiia*s (two) friends
strive for (his) welfare.
(We two) serve (the) king.
(You two) taste mangoes.
(We) sec (a) |)eacock on
(the) top of (the)pa]ace.
(Two) children sport in
(the) garden.
(We two) expect good
from Hari.
(You two) forgive (the)
faults of (your) friends.
(They) extol (the) merits
of wise men.
Distn*8ses result from sin.
Men die.
Deggare l)eg for rice.
Parrots fly at (the) window^
LESSON Xll.
P.vssiVB AND Impersonal Forms.
Tlicso* ai*o made up by adding ^ to the root,t and
then appending the Atmanepada tenninations : —
* There in no conjugatiuual fUatinction in tlie cane of pantivc
forinfl ; that in, thoy are forrootl m Uic Batno tnouuer from nil
rootH, subject, however, to certain iieculiaritiev of the roote
themselves. Several roots, therefore, belonging to conjugations
which,as being oomplicatcd, have not been introduced into this
book, are given in tJie text Tlie student, of course, will not be
able to make up their active forms.
t The original roots, and not the substitute which some roots
taku bcfuro tho coujugattonal sign, as ^t^^S^ for ^T*^, ^|[ for
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nR8T BOOK OF SANSKRIT.
Xf a root ends in i|^ which is not preceded by a con-
l^anct consonant, ^ is substituted for it before the if of
tlie passive; as fr becomes /f)r.
Tlie final |f or i* of a root is lengthened before if; as
^^ becomes ifV*.
Roots.
fT •[<>] to give
l^wit/h in* to
command
^ [ 4t ] to drink
SUDSTANTIVBS.
iq^iCfiA IT to
request
^ todo
HT to know
ir5 tociy
^ to hear
WT [^tf] to stand
f«t to kill
^H^^O* w<- command
SfiTar ^*- wood
^TTRT*'*- a bow
vn^ nu sound
<hrm. an inliabitant of
a city, a cituecu
8KKTENCK8.
* The forms which aouid roots tssunie before the imiMTe 7
■n beie eaekMod withm rectaogubr brackets.
t8esllotestslldt^l7.
FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT.
41
(All) cucniy is killed with
(au) an-ow.
(The) cliild's Iiands aret
washed with water.
(Thou) art extolled by
poets.
(You) ai-e sought by men.
(I) am served by servants.
(We) are protected by God.
(You two) ai-c known ))/
people.
Elephants are mounted.
(We two) are requested
by (the) citizens.
Krishiia's body is adorned
with onmments.
(The) virtues of wise nien
are celebrated by poets.
(A) sound is heaitl.
lliieves oi^ punislied by
kings.
Fruits (two) oi'e eaten by
Han.
AiTOws ( two ) arc. dis-
cliorged.
(You) ai-e commanded by
(the) king.
General Results and Examination.
f^ Atm. ' to smile.*
Present Tense.
tSivgnlnr Dunl Plural
Istpers. ^ ^f^m^ ^Prn^
2nd pei-b. ^{^^ ^^rtu FRT^
3rdpers. ^^^^ ^tpS^ ^{^^
* If riMts have s ))enultimiite ft, or suiisf Am, it is dit>|iped
before IT, except iii certain caiee.
t Those rooti of tlie teuUi conjugatiou whoee Towelii take a
Ifwncior vriddhi suUtitute in tlie ftctiTe voice, uudergo the same
•luinge before the 7 of the poesive ; as ^, ^K^fff act.,
^^}f pew., not ^[?fif .
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42
FIRST DOOX OP SANSKRIT.
Passivo — ^ * to hear.'
Istpera. Y* ^^tm^ >^n^
2ndpcrs. »^ »jjj^ 351^1%
3itlpcr8. «y^ 1^ 3^^
1. Wliat fonii does the iiiial q^ (short) take in the
6th conjugation! In what otlicr cose does it assume
the sainc fonii t
2. What nioch'fication does die Hnal s]iort vowel
oiidergo Ijcfore tlie if of tlie Passivo t Wliat sulistitute
does Uio HT of ^i|r, fr and ^ * to dnnk, ' toko in tlie
sanic circumstances, and how are roots of the tenti[
conjugation dealt witht
3. Give the Present Tense of f^, 5 Glh couj. [and
any nundicr of other Atmanepadi roots ncces8ai7j.
4. Wluit case do f«a[^ and other i"oots having the
same sense govern ? Give an instance.
5. Repeat tlie Passivo forms of if^^ m^ ^^ [and
any number of other roots, Parasmaipacli and Atmanc-
padiy the teacher may deem necessary.] ^
LESSON XUI.
Fbjiininb Nouns kxdixq in ht and f.
NOXINATIVK AND AOCUSATIVB OaSRS.
Terminations. '
Sinynlar Dunl Plui*al
Noons r Nom. {%u>m) i 9n(
endinginirrl Ace. in»i: X Wl
1
FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT.
43
Suufular Dnai
: Pbtral
Nom. ?cin" ^ C*n":
Ace. ^in^ ^ xm^
Nouns ( Nom. {none) ^ «TH
ending in f \ Ace. ^ V^ X^^
Nom. ^ ^ncft* ^^J
Ace. snfK ^ '^•
SunSTANTIVI-ai.
FeiniiMiA,
»T?RTcft name of
51^ an acti^ess
^^Fpft night
the wife of Va-
H'^ a river
Wrs^ shame
Kishtho, a great
;Tnfir a woman
HHfr a creeping
sage
«T^ wife
plant
KRTT command
^[i;^ the earth
Hr^^r a woman
qfOTastory
JPTT subject, pix)-
s^lr a well
qF^ daughter, a
^i^xxy
^^ lieauty
girl
IPT^ a young
^f?^ a female
qjwr an art
woman
friend
3i»irft a vii-gni
HPrf ^vifc
^^^ a female
^nn" forgiveness
iT^ the eartli
companion or
?rw the Ganges
irr^ a garland, a
mate
^Hl«n inotlier
wreath
• See SimcUii rule note t in. ISr^i^-vrr I />
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riBST OOOK OP SANSKRIT.
nnH' ti. a garden
RVTM. neck
TH^ fu deportare
nnrtii. father of SitA,
"^ite of BAma
fTDT ^'^ name of a Ilea-
renljRiahi
Hmnr ^^ <^ palace, and fflV
»*. surface; iTT^rpTWi*.
tlio upper surface or
terrace of a palace
^^>irf w. the manager or
chief actor in a play
fft^ wi, a deer
Roots.
Ui Cofij.
!^^AinL with fp^to join,
to go or flow together
' (HX) Parasm. to cross,
to surmount; teiUiv^^
to descend
*ft tcith qtt to many
5^ Parasm. to bewail
t; toiUi 9TJ to follow
•Sextencrs.
%8W 'ic^^^Vft I
^^^ ^^ Ktt^ I
Jlrtt ?BR?^ W>% I
i
^r^
»;.W
FIRST UOOK OF SANSKRIT.
45
Narada dcscciuls from Heaven to (the) eartli.
Krishna tells stories of kings.
Young women play in (the) gaixlen.
(He) wears two wreaths of flowers on (his) neck.
RAma's wife salutes Arundhati.
(We) see two virgins.
(Tlie) decr*s mates follow (the) deer.
(There) are two wells in (the) \-illage.
(The) chief actor (of a play) calls (the) actress.
Hari goes to (the) river.
RAma's(two) mothers iKJwail (his) departure to (a)
Women go to (Uie) wells. [forest
LE8S0N XIV.
Ikstrumbxtal, Dative, and Ablative Cases.
Termiimtions.
Svigtdnr Dual Plural
Nouns / Instr. w ^TPt. fiWt
in Kf < Dat. ^ «rnt. *T^
andf lAbl. 3?^ *irR: «r<
The ending MT « changed to ff before tlio Tnstr.
sing, termination.
* SooDoto
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nnST BOOK OF SANSKRIT.
•^T
nnsT nooK of saxskhit.
17
In oons ending in iTT take the augment Mfj, and Uiose
n X ^^ augment 9n» 1>eforc the tcmiinations of the
Htt., AW., Gen., and Loc. singular ; ^mt '^ ^ ^ ^
' fFTO ; Tfr + ITT + fT = w.
Or the following may Ix) regarded as the singular
Dmiinations : —
•ii*ni3|
i
nstr.
>at.
nstr. irOT
kbL
Dat
nr^qf^nanic of
a tou-n
h \ ^\ A female
beloved ; wife
d^l^ name
of a town
^ftTT sporty play
^7^ anxiety
Alil.
hJl'nSTANTIVES.
ITO" old age
^[Tcf)- a maid
}[^m ^l<*»ty
793?^ name of
a place
MK^IHI a school
3^ a town
Gen.
Loc.
«nftPr:
nr^TT worship
IPTT light
HT^^ a crowned
queen
^|-^r speech
«?nTTpain
^H^r lUma's wife
rfhr fk a song
l|^ fn. an old man
pf m. a messenger
I 'rnr '"• c^n elephant
I ^^ fn, a message
I ^f( 91. suitable, bcneiit
4^
^-i?
L
?r^ »W/A |%j to depart
5?^(^)l««<?o>*.;. Aim.
to shine
f «(?t7/*qftto surround*
ffj ffnVA f^ to return
(%• tctV/t IT to send
Skxtexcf^.
?T?^ ^^ 'ifl'ft I
^nwT ^'^^ vft^ I
llai-i apiMHiRos (his) friend
l»y (liis) speech.
(Tlic) city is sun-ounded
by rivers.
From forgiveness (a) man
obtains tranquillity of
mind.
Wise men go to Heaven
from (the) earth.
«^^ I
Vasishtha comes with
Arundhati.
R&ma gives ornaments
to (liis) daughteiti.
(He) adonis (his) body
with garlands.
(The) queen geU angry
with (her) maid.
• Here the inuwvc fonm ouly of iUiii und of I? aixs uiod.
t Sec note t IK 36. , i-^i^rT|/>
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48
niurr iioos op sakskiiit.
( He ) derives pleasure
from (the) old man's
stories.
Rice is cooked Uy Vkrk-
yana's wif a
By (the) king's command
(I) go to Avanti.
(An) offering is made by
(two) virgins.
Pain results from anxiety,
SitA learns songs from
(her) female fricmls.
Soldiers come out of (die)
town hy order of (the)
general
LESSON XV.
CtKXiTivK, Locative, and Vocative Oabw.
Termiiuitions.
SitignLar Divnl Plural
Nouns ending ^ Gen. *??][ Kt^ fPf,
iniTTWidf ) Loc. KP^ «frtL g
After f, 9 liecomes j". The final STT is cliungod to
ff Wfore Kt^. The Vocative singular of nouns ending
in in i** made up by changing Uie final vowel toq** as
% ^; and of nouns ending in ^, by shortoning the
vowel ; as V HI^. Tlie dual and plural fonns ai*e the
same as those of Uie correKponding nominative (See
ml^, page 28.)
(;en.
IT'Wir:
Loc
»rTwrarsc
Voc.
»fT^
Gen.
^HTS
Tkk.
^fn«r
Voc.
•ri^
FIKST 1M>0K UF SAXSKKir.
4D
"S^
iT^ftwrr/ name
of a city
f^^r'O/ the wife
of Indra
g^cj7 ^*. water
^^y<n / i»oon-
light
^nrrrO/ name
of a river
^^Rtr )//. a 81>C-
cics of biixl
C^RTf/ Khadc
IFRT^ '''• name
of Indm's son
9ftt 't* l»ank
3Tf^ 1*^ Covj,
^igtj IfC CoiiJ
IP mth ft-, to
WoHD«.
of a fowst
f%^/ night
(H^ l |4« m. an evil
spirit, a wicked
lM3i*son
^T^ fufj, very
»npr w. li»h
ilfy a f »i. sweet-
ness
?CUrr/ a street
?fl5^ iw. lover,
husband
^pjfj*/! speech
^y^?^/ name
of a woman
ftrnr/ ft 8tonc
ijn? ^"* name of
a king
^HH: w'. prfpa-
mtion.
ipfff rt^//. plenti-
ful, much
ITTtT'T ". inciting,
establishing
qX^t^ n, profi-
ciency
RpT rrr{/. l>clovcd
H^^if »>'. bower
Paras in, to dcser>e
, Paraftn, to play
divert on(^*s self, to amuse, to play
Sextexcks.
^fTFrr «r^ jrflRTpJf
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i'lkbT BOOK OF bANUKHlT.
yiftSl^ BOOK OF bANttKRll'*
51
vgn^ ^iWT9 f^Hm- ^^*)iiviH3^^'T^ wfi i
yif^^ I f^ v^ v\^ ^^^ I
(There) arc ti-ocs on (the)
iMUiks of (the) Ganges.
Jayanta is (Uio) son of
Indrftiji.
lUnia's friends live in
(the) citj.
(The) chakora is delighted
ill moonlight
(He) brings (a) ilower of
(the) creeper.
Hari praises (the) merits
of (liis) daughters.
(There) an^ fishes in ri%'ers.
^^\H\\ I
(1) SCO chariots in (the)
streets of AyodhyA.
8'akuntalA descr%e8 (the)
love of (her) friends.
(Tlicn^) is sweetness in
ll}\ma'& siKHjcli. [SitAt
Wlien; are (the) sons of
(Then*) aiv evil spirits
in DandakA.
('Hieir) ai-e islands on
(the) earth.
(1) see men under (tlio)
shade of (the) tree.
Gbxkral Results and Examination.
frrnr/ a^^ 'establishment'
SvKjnhr Dt*id
I'inrol
Kom.
^ik'^l
m^
VVf^'
Ace
vrm^
^IT%
urn^:
Instr.
wi'm
^TTHTwrr^
'inHTftrs
Dat
frmr^
frn^p^rr^
Aii^i*5arj
AbL
tffmnrrs
frr«T«rni
inHT^j
^
iihiffvlat*
Dttnt
Plural
Gen.
^wwr:
Loc.
^IMWIH
Voc.
^
^rn^i
Nom.
^rn^
^TR^
fTW-
Ace.
^r^
^TF^
fRfts
Instr.
^IWI
TT^^rnr
^rrEfVPr:
Dat
^
•<mV«rn(
^rn^^r:
Abl.
?[IWI«
grT#«rnr
fT#*^s
Gen.
^PE'n's
^rwr:
<il^^lK
Loc
fPE^nt
^TPfr:
^fT^
Voc.
frftr
^TW
itc.
1.
Decline ^ETff^iii ^^^h «^m
LESSON XV {.
ImPBUPBCT, ok FiKST PUKTKUITK, TkNSE.
Pfiratttttaijmdtt,
Tenninations.
1st pei% 2nd i>ers.
#Vtugw//ri* iTK* '^
Dual ?r ^
H" is prefixed to roots in this tense.
• Sco jiago 0, uuto •.
3ixl 1H'1*8.
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62
riJisT i;ooK OF «asskuit.
Ut pers. 2iul perK. 3rcl peis.
Sinfjtdar BT^^^ H^: KWhT^
Dtud wf^rnr ^ tfivJ H H Kwt^ni
The conjugational signs aro ocUlecl on to the i-oots
Ijcfore the temiiimtions of the Imperfect
The termuiationsff^and^ take the augment y in
the cose of the root aTf[ 'to be,' and it in tlie cose of
M? «to eat'; as imftir^ KHPt
Words.
«rir nu a goat
rfrs w. 14. a cow-
pen
ffsq' w». a work,
a )K>ok
^HilJ.*^ »t. field
of liattle
%5rr / an army
^r^TTfA. dilliculty,
perplexity
^^^ m. a son
fiOT^ »". the
name of a king,
the father of
the hero RAma
«rff^'"*ahunUlo
Sentexces.
^^ ^i|^NIHMlf^'4IfirH
FIRST ROOK OP SANSKRIT.
53
(The) water of (the) lake
has dried.
(The)gcnoral led(his)anny
to (the) Uattlc-rtold.
(His two) friends i-omcm-
l>ei*cd llama.
(Thou) vrovt pleased with
Rilma's conduct, [sage.
(We two) apiMjased (the)
God ci'eated (the) earth.
Men (two) entered (a)
ganlen.
(I) censure<l ITari.
(You two) dwelt in (a)
forest.
(The) caravan mmbled
from town* to town.
(I) published the work.
(Youtwo)took away fruits
from Plari's garden.
You told lUma(a)story.t
(Two) tigei's mn to (the)
cow-j>en.
Krishna washed (his) feet.
LESSON XVII.
Impeufkct Texsk (coHtianed),
Pamnmniptuhi Phnud and Alinnn^jHtda Sluf/nhr,
Terminations.
Ut iH^i'K. 2nd i>ci*s.
Para Am, ;>/. if ^
3rd pel's.
^^
IT
• If the word TTC »HS uhciI here, tlio ioll»Aviiig Haiullii ur
lilionotic nilo should bo bonic in mcinoiy:— A couuoiiaut nt
the end of a word or gmumi.itical fonn followed by ft n.nxftl in
chiuiged to the nnnid of iU claw optuMially ; a« ^H^+JjllK =
S^^ilR or (JHtlfrRC. TliiH chaugo i« noccMary when the
nanjd belongs to a nominal tennination, an r^ ni+'nT=r«| •^ «* .
"f ^P^ Konietiincs g»vorn» two acciiwtives or thi» indirect
object may lic in the dative ca»e. # ,^^^-^r-^t,^
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m4 firat nooK of sanskrtt.
RooU lioginiiing with a vowel take the augment Hf
instead o£k» which witli t]ic following f or ^becomes
f^ and witli 7 or ^T l»econie8 iflf; as KF + fv + ?C=
Wo UD8,
I
i
FIRST BOOK OK SANSKRIT.
55
ITTT '"• son of
fU^, a king
wfiv m. name of a
king
iTTTT^ "'. name
of an i lull vi-
cinal
^Jl^^^t, wind, or
the drity that
pivsides over
it
irnf "<• A I'oad
1^ M, a liertls-
nian
^414^4 Ml. name
of a mountain
f^/. a woman
of distinction,
a goddess
fnfnT »«• son of
^Urnr cousin
of MP J
pg^ afO', w icked
ed man
iSkxtkxces.
n^r^//<. a wicked
person, an evil
spirit
?7T '/'. name of a
Kon of ll&ma
^g^/ the earth
finery »". tt cry
ij^ V, a dead
l»ody
^ifPT/zi, a jackal
^<Tr / court, OS-
sc^mhly
• See [wipje 27, «»»to t«
^m i\^ ^v^ •
(We) sat in (the) sJiade of
(a) tree.
(He) forgave (the) faults
of (his) servants.
(The) Bralimanos f(;ll into
(the) waters of (the)
Ganges.
Hoim^s mn to (the) battlo-
fiekl
E&ma oljeyed (the) com-
mands of (his) father.
Hari learned music from
Nilrftyana.
(I) tasted (the) fruits of
a mango-ti-ee.
^Iessengei*s %vent to Ayo-
dhyA.
(Thou) spokest a lie.
Kvishna ix»ioiced at (his)
fritjnd's pix>sperity.
(You) livecl at KauSlmbi
then,
(lie) wonderetl at Rfima's
exploits.
(Thou) foughti^st with
(an) enemy.
(Tlui) ix)guo was beaten
at (the) king's order.
(You) counted (the) ttiVt-
kns.
LE880N XVIIT.
Impeufkct Texsk.
Aimmn'jHida I'cnnxnntloHS (contiuned).
Ist pel's. 2nd i>ers. 3i\l pcrs.
Dual irff rrni x^tk
Plural ^^ V3[J{ BT5^
wT^nff H?Twn( K?T^m^
• S«o i>age 27, note f.
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FIR8T BOOK OP gANRKHIT.
Roots.
H^ Ul CoitJ. Ainu to jx'rish
W »^*//* Pf 10//* Cotij. Aim. to invito
nj C/A Coitj. Ainu to fwl sliaino
^ l#i Coi#/. yf/iM. to rival
I \U CofiJ. Aim. to drop down
[ 9Ci(h ft Ui Cot*J. Parnsnu to laugli in contempt
Words.
irnfV/ tlie oast
^ M. king
^ipr w. lovor, husliand
<|^ V. kingdom
U[r^ nu a liunUT
g^ uu demons, the ciio-
luics of gods
fpa^^f iM. a taunt
fftt/' a ^»nud of liair
Tt^fSfr/ moonlight
inr *w. leaving
fffvin' wi. niinistor
Skntkxcbs.
wnqt ^iRRt «'^'^-
• 8oi< nile in note • p. 21.
t irojf^ljecomw l^in the i^awivc.
FIRST DOOK OF SANSKRIT.
57
Monkeys fought with
Riikshasas(ovil spirits).
(AVo two) spoke to (the)
learned men at KAsi.
(They) cndui-cd (tlie) taunt
with calnniess.
Stars (two) shone in (the)
oast
(You) arc praised by men.
(You two)wero connnand-
•od by Eilma.
(We) in\-ited (the) Rishis
for dinner.
When did (the) messengers
return from Ayodhyil
(We)did not expect favour
from ITari.
(We) got 1)Ooks at school.
(tKNKUAL KesULTH AND EXAMINATION.
1. Ciive the forms of the Imperfect of ^nf, H?,
i% ^^ ^^f ^» H^^cif^^ f^f TO J^' *^» ^» ''
^T^t Vl^ ^^'^M *^'^-
2. AVhat change does a final consonant undergo
when compounded with the follo^ving nasal 1 When
is Uio change necessary 1 | ..^ ^^ ^ i ^
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1st pcr».
2nd poi-s.
Dmd
Phnot
ortl pei-s.
1st pel's.
2nd pel's.
3ixl pers.
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M
FIRST BOOK OF 8AK8KRIT.
LESSON XIX.
Masculine axd Neuter Nouns ending in
7 AND ^[,
Nouns of iho masculine gender ending in 7 Rro
declined like those ending in f, with this difTerence,
that where f, f, Jf, or ^occurs in Uic latter, ^, ^,
ifr, or ^ should be sulistitutcd respectively in the
former.
Noons of the neuter gender ending in 7 orilt aro
declined like ^rift, 7 or lit being substituted for f, ^
ori|^ for f , and s^ or ar^ ^or ff.
Jilrtsctdinc,
*4^
^w/.
$Sv*f/nlt(r
Dittd
. Plnml
Noni. ip^:
11^
ilf^J
Ace fl^
^I^
11^^.
Instr. ^jF=Tr
il^*^IH
^jfPt!
Dat ^
^JF^TJ
Noni. J; Ace ir^
T>pft
»Tv^fT
Instr. ir^prr
«ry*«n^
»n?Pr:
Dat ir^
iT^^^rrn
»T^:
j^ 'doer', V.
Kom. J: Ace ^
q;:??^
Instr. TSfPT^
5ir^[«rn(
Dat ^Tif^r
^•f*^!'!
ili'C*'^:
t
first book of SANSKRIT.
50
Masculine nouns ending in ^[ change it to WI be-
fore the terminations of the nominative, and of the
singular and dual of the accusative. A few nouns,
such as f^, vra, TimPl. H, ? aw^l ^n!^f,cliange the
final HT to ST^. The nominative singular of all ends
ill MT, t a»<l ^^^^ termination ^ Ijeing dropped.
TermxiuUiom of iho FirH Four Cases.
Nom.
Ace.
Instr.
Dat
$Si9igulaf
7
Dual
8?r
Plural
*fr
Nom.
Ace.
Instr.
Dat
Nom.
Ace
Instr.
Dat
Before 5^ the preceding ^ is lengthened.
%;f w. leader.
SUDSTANTIVES.
2faso(Hm,
fj an aiTow
^ltj^^^ name of
a king
%it^ check
ITPTT? son-ni-
law
?nrnr ^^ ^"^
ff^ a tree
the ai*chitect
of the gods
^ husband's
broilicr
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CO
FIRST BOOK OF SAKSKRIT.
FIK8T BOOK OF SAySKBIT.
61
Vr^tho Creator
^a man
qrgan axe
K^S^JH aBrAh-
iDai}a hero
who extermi-
nated the war-
rior caste
Sf^dnst
JUasc. Jk Keuier.
^PC <loer, author
YT^goer
fT<? giver, donor
jr^sccr
|[^ hater
fir^ father
fip^adrop
«p^ husband,
master
ifj the Hindu le-
gislator [Bilma
9n«pr brother of
Cftn? defender,
protector
KenUr,
KV tear
ffrj palate
^^ honey
Roots, kc.
^rrj wind
^r^ Uie god
Vishnu
ffj' an enemy
!(p)| the god
S'iva
%^ an infant, a
child
^p^r charioteer
^ wealth
f%^* univei-sc
Feminine,
^HK\%^ Indra's
capital
pETST tongue
itRt t'wf. even
ipj i€i£A ITJ, to go after,
follow
ipj l#i Cow/ Parasm. to
drop
Ift irtV/i ITito compose, >\Tite
IT prefixed to words Ijoginning with a consonant^
and V^io those licginning with a vowel, express
negation.
* Thit is declined like n prououu.
^ l$t ConJ* Parasm. and
Ahn. to fill; fw# ;>aw.
Iff ^'•«V/i Pfl to pi-oduce, to
create ; Mhv% 7^^-
^fj^ Ui CoitJ. Parasm.
to desire
^
",\
K«^nia ;;;ivcs swootmoAt to
cliildivu. [dust.
(The) sky is filled with
Para^urfuna sti-uck (his)
encmios with (an) axi\
Drops of watcn' fall from
(the) cIoiuIh.
Criu*) king called (tho) de-
fendoi-s of (tlie) town.
(A")child ol»ey8(his)fatlicr.
(The) Lonl of Avanti
spoke to (his) ministers.
8KXTKXCES.
TIari touched (his) palate
with (his) tongue.
Women went to (the)
;^'anlon with (their)
liusl lands.
(The) Rishis were the
son's of montraf.
People mlore Vishi^u.
]litupan\a si>okc to (his)
charioteens.
RAma went to (the) fowst
with (his) brother
Lakshmana.
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62
FIRST BOOK OF SAKSKRIT.
LESSON XX.
FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT.
63
NOUM KIBIKG W 1 AJfB ?g.— MaSC. & NkUT.—
(coiUiuHid,)
Singidar
( . AM. (none)
KounK I ^^^^
'""" (^ Loc,
Dual Plural
in it(
(none) «f)rn ifPC
Tlic singular of tlio ablative and gonitivo cases is
farmed liy sulwtituting ^ for HT. Bcfoixs the f of the
locative singular, HT takes Kl[ as its substitute, and 1k>
fore irnC it is lengthened. This latter change is op-
tional in the case of ^. Hie vocative singular is made
up by putting trj for ^[^ and the dual and plural ai-e
the same as those of tlie nominative.*
(jUftfCffUiie.)
Sivgiilnr
Dttnl
1*1 nml
AI>L
^:
*i<l*^IK
%5?[«T5
Gen.
^:
^:
^ijnirH
Loc
i^ft
^r^^
^T^
Voc.
^Tl
WtJ
AbL
^K^-.
^>^«rn(
^m^'
Gen.
9Pi^5
^ran^s
qrrforni
Loc
^pfPr
qr?«ft:
^jpIs
Voc
VS^ov
?ii?f ^«ft
^K
• Sco rule, iwgc 38.
1
^^.
Abl. ^:
Gen. ^Im's
Loc. ^jn
Voc. ircf
Abl. iT^:
Gen. JT^:
Tioc. JT^Rr
Voc. »r5fl'orir^ »r^
AVOUDS.
A'cu/c)'.
ii^"iK
auce
«l"^ in. name of
one of the sons
of Pundu
that cannot be
transgi'cssed
K^r^ H. not a
thing, an un-
real thing
M^WIil^ «^ ^'
scribing some-
thing that is
not real
•T^T ♦'*• i*cspcct
HlffT «*• ascrib-
arnf "*• a respect-
able pei'son,
name of the
remote ances-
tors of the
Hindus
fygr wi. moon
ncss, cheerful-
ness, energy
gjof )». the name
of a hero
^yj^l^' t;i. a stain,
a spot
gpp m, .name of a
countiy (in the
plural)
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^r/ favour
f^ m, one of
the (irst thi*ee
classes
^U wt. grandson
q^ m, a beast
Rr^w. pater-
nal undo
ip>j wj. a relation
^r?3f 11. stivngtli
^ftH* ^'^ name of
one of the sons
of Pilndu
^(f?f iM. bi-other
if^ w. intoxica-
tion, insolence
^^ }H. death
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64
FlRtT BOOK OF 8AK6KRIT.
K% y^ (in the
plunUJihe de-
scendants of a
king namedc^
^m /. the name
of a woman
FTHft/ wife of
Vishiju ; god- 1 ^ ^ ,,^ hearer
dess of wealth
miEUleonJ.Alm,
to transgress,
m>i «». a sage, a
man of piety ;
(KfJ- good
^i^m. iu creator
«rT*i
to overcome
^r^ ti. a thing, a
real thing
SE5TENCE8.
lUiiia was (the) chief of
(the) Raglius.
(I) got a IhmIc from (Uic)
author.
Lakdimif was (the) wife
of Vislinu.
(Ho) Ixjgs panlon of (liis)
hearers.
Janakasaw (tlie) chariot
of (his) grandsons.
NilWlyai>a saw(t]ic) horses
of Han's sons-in-law.
^ ITT sad f sre the feminine tenninations iu SnoitkriL
AcljectiTae ending in IT, generally, though not inrariably, take
thefint.
t This noiin iakee ^ in the nom. ring.
H
F1B8T BOOK OP BAXHKBIT.
(The) Aryas lived in (the)
Kunis.
(A) parrot sat on (the) tree.
(A) servant of Hari's
p-andson went to (a)
villago.
Gfi
first
Karna was (the)
among donors.
(The) lion is (the) lord of
licasts.
Hari is (the) friend of
Ram&'s husband.
EXIMISATIOU.
1. DecUuo rf ««■ and »., '^^.'^J.^'^'
v^ «... %, irr, ^. ^ «'• -*» "•• ^' '^^ "•• ^'
"^o' *S;,t;are the declensions of maso. and «eut.
„om« ending in » -iU. dioBe «"*«"«;" J" ^^^^^.
1 What change or changes does the emnug
« of r nouns Undergo in tl.e first five inflejaons
r What are the feminine temmaUons m
Sal^sJllwis the feminine of adiect.ves end-
ing in H generally for med^
LESSON XXT.
FEMlStKE NOTJXS EKMSQ I>' J, ^, ^, *»" ^•
Feminine nouns ending in 'S. "^ /f 'T] "^^
, • i , «• or a- iKiing substituted for the f, T.
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> PIR8T BOOK OP «AN«KniT.
■e declined like tlio convspondiiig masculine. The
*nu8 for the dative, ablative, genitive, and locative
ngular ore optionally made up like those of nouns
idiiig in fovTfk i*cspectively.
Feminine nouns ending in ^ are such as expi*css i*e-
tioiisliip. Tliey ai-e f^, ifr^, 5^?^, JPTFJ, w^d ITT^.
lie accusative pluml tennination is?j,befoi'c which tlie
• of all Uiese nouns is lengthened. In other ivs^xjcts
r^ is declined like Sf^ or^s^ i;i.,and the ivst like fq^jr.
Adjectives ending in iR*, sucli as ^ff, ip=?f, ^^'t
m\\ tlieir feminine by adding f; as »iJnft, if?^, vfec*
fSvf f/ft far
Dital
Plural
om.
^H"
'^J^^
^W:
.cc.
^^TI
•^J^^
^3^:
istr.
Mwr
'^r?*«rni
'^rgPts
>at.
•^Ji^V
v^^jnt
'^'g^ir:
hi.
^vui
M'^^rnt
'^rs^:
^n.
•^jy^s
•^wr:
'^'^iTPt
lOC
Mivim^
•-^iV^:
v^
oc.
M^
Mjy^
•^OT:
T^.
Tom.
»rfif:
jnft
»nw:
LCC
'rfin^
'T^ft
•nfVs
nstr.
T«rr
fRr^rnt
TftrPr:
>at
'nf^-'TwIr
»rRr*«n^
tRtwt:
LbL
1
*rftr«r:
reiL
»r^r!
*<*Ohih
lOC.
Tlu-'FWrPt
ipsft:
tRtj
roc.
f*
•nfr
H^ir:
FIRST BOOK OP SANSKRIT.
53-
$Sln;/tfInr
Dnul
Plural
Nom.
^T-
^^ ^T^:
Ace.
^T^
^'T ^'T:
Instr.
^^
^f^^rm ^jPT'
Dat
^T%-^^
vrj^^ni ^?*^-
Abl.
^t-^pur:
^f^^nt ^5^^-
Gon.
^#r:-^P^:
\F^: VT^^TfH
Loc.
"i^-^^VK
^5^r: ^JS
Voc.
VTsfr
v^5 vT^r^-
^rr^- .
Nom.
^rnrr
irr?r?r nr-^i:
Ace.
Tr?rr^
Tmu '^•
Instr.
^rr^TT
jrT?i«rni 'trPt*-
Dat
»{r^
m^r^TK ^PP^'
Abl.
»TT5:
iTPC«TPC 'TT?^--
Gen.
»nff!
irnfr: ^r^C^W
Loc.
Tmft
^r^r'' hm:s
Voc.
»rnr5
HRf^ 'TH^-
Substantives.
/VwilMI/^J.
BTi^^Pr
Eng.
^rrRr caste, kind
5ftf?r politics
1. •
land
5«frftr
wickeil
iT^rRr nnnistry,
^r5=?r8pic
ndour,
action
nf^Tl daughter
disposition
light
irfd^iif^ image or
^j^ fame
^ courage
copy
^ action
TfRr J"<xlo of
^ a cow
^IVfir affection,
;pn^ husband^s
satisfaetion
walkmg, going
sister
j% talent
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ss
FIRST nOOK OF f^AKBKRIT.
j|f?r prosperity
i|fir grouudylaiid,
Uio cartli
pfPjr mother
^f^Fi; absolution
ip^ an image or
idol
^1^ huslianrrs
lirotlirr's wife
cRr pleasure ;
wn^ w. an
Englisliman
tion
lYpifil^iM. hermit-
age
in-law of ^^RT-
q-aiul brother-
in-law of HT
thorize (/Viw.)
to lie autlior-
izcfl
the wife of the
god of love
Kri^ night
^ja young wo-
man, daughter-
in-law
^^^rffT place of iv-
sidence
^ftf profession,
avocation
^T^Vt^ w. a hus-
1 landman
♦«T ind and
^tX n(fj, l»old
(man)
fH^4l y! censuiT
pryr 'f'O'. profi-
cient
q^ trUh 3H 4//i
rf>*#/, </Wm. to
l»c piXKluced,
to i-csult
injJTTjr ind, after-
wanls
fTT fti* a l>all of
^'g mother-in-
kw
5^rf?r viHuous
or good action
^jfgr creation
^f?r pmise
f^f?r irmem-
lu'ance, ]Lindu
law-liooks
^^ sisUn'
rice given to
tlio dead
3p^ iw. inten-
sity, greatness
TT^ [7«^] mfh
MT '^^'^^^ to
take leave, as
at the time of
dt^paiture
W[f[ nffj, many
»npr w. god of
love
HPT »w. avarice
•^ t«f^. or
^ ^ or ^ ifl uMcl after each of ilie imrts of fi|ieecli joined to-
gptlwr,orMicc only, tliiit I-, after tliem all; f ftVuf^^'^f or
nusT iiooK oi' sAicsiiuiT.
^
-V
f%?rt ^i. a cave
^ K^cf ? w«. name
of a pei'son
i^^r^ff. sister of
lUma
^ wi. a person
of the lowest
Hindu caste
fip^ with W 4^/t
covj, to em-
bmce
ift^] ParasvL
lift coiij\ to sit
^rPrfvr «*• prox-
imity
CO
ir ^
5 totf/t
spread
f^ ilh COHJ.
Para^M, to
feel adcction
for
Sextkkcks.
?re^: 'TT^y^ I'^J I
^^: iR»^s ^^^ ^^^ •
^^^rf^ 1
Ov
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h'lBHt UOOk UV bANtfKUn'.
Sit4 1x>wecl to Ridiya-
sriiiga, (the)hus1>ancl of
(her) husband's siKtcr.
Visv&niitrawas (a) Kslia-
triya by caste; after-
wanls (lie) became (a)
Br&hinana.
Sauib&ka is (a) Iiusbaiul-
man by profession.
Sitil always pleased (licr)
mother-in-law.
rhe king's counsellor is
proficient in politics.
Aanong Smridn Mnnu's
is (the) best
^c) modesty of young
women in Mali4Wlshtra
is praiseworthy.
lUma saw (his) sister
SantA and bowed to
(his) mother. [caste.
BAma asked(the)man(his)
Mendesii-e prosperity.
Englishmen come hero
from England.
In (tlie) caves in (the) vici-
nity of Verula(thcre)aro
many images of gods.
Hari passed* (liis) nights
in meditation.
Knshnat had many
daughters.
Examination.
1. Compare: — {a). The declension of feminino
nouns -ending in ^ with that of tliose in ^,
(b). Tlie declension of feminine nouns in f and
W with tliat of tlie corresponding masculine. What
3o the optional forms of the former i-csemble 1
(c). The declensions of ^^f TT?, fTOi T^t ***<!
ip^ff wi. with each other.
* Um tbo root *ft here.
t Um the f(en« of 'Kridivia' and uom. of Maughtors' and tlie
lADskrii verb correspondiug to 'were.' The feminine of ad*
(•ctiree ending in 7 in optionally the sanio ac the maaculine.
Xkm other form is made up by adding i .
FiliST nOOK OF SANSKUn'.
71
^:
2. How is the feminine of adjectives ending
in y and Hf formed 1
3. Decline ^TTFJ, W^, ^, ^W^r ^^.. ^^ /•
4. Explain tlie use of ^ and ^f.
LESSON XXII.
On the Imperative Mood.
Pamsinnijmda Termvmtions.
SitujnJar Dual
♦ 1st pci-s. 3Trf% ^r^
2nd pel's, (none) Wi
3ixl pci-s. 5 rTTH;
Phmd
The conjugational signs are addwl on to the i-oots
before the terminations of the I migrative.
WOKDS.
ar?^ ". a false- 1 ^ u, wcll-l)eing, ; ^interj, 0! oh I
hood, an un- bonofit ^ wi. race
truth ^ »'?t7/< arj to ex- ^TO" wi. a child
arPrvrnr ^'- ^^ft^^c pcricna% to foel ! «ii4W w. compa-
gr^ w. counsel ^rr «'*^^- »ot (pix)- j iiioii, friend
Rfrif m. a child hibitive) ^HF^ (^o\M
fit ^i. diHiculty C^ w. juice | ^ET^ «»'^^- always
^PSM* a lesson U^/ queen |
^flriT wi. a plant useil in sacrifices, or ite juice
•The imiieralivc forms ofST^aud^T? arc given ui tlie
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nuftX BOOK dir sai^skiux.
SKHI1C9CES.
^rH ftfR JTT^ I
5RT^ ^^ 'TW^ I
^=f: ^RR'^'IJ^ I
Tell (your)brotlicr'g iiaiiic.
Cliiklrcii, go to school and
Icani (your) lessoii.
God save (Uic) Queen.
Follow (wc the) counsels
of wise men.
(Tlie) gods be satisfietl.
Hari and MAdhava,do not
prattle.
Leave off doubt as* to
llama's success.
Thus perisli (the) enemies
of men.
Give money to (the) poor.
Cliftncjftla, do not touch(a)
Brihmaiia.
Drink (wo tlic) juice of
Soma.
Remember (he the) good
deeds of (his) i-ace.
Deserve (we the) praises
I of men.
* Use tli« locattvu here.
FIIIST iiOOK OF SANSKRIT.
LESSON XXllL
Imperative MooD—iconlinncif).
A tiaanepada TenniiiatioHS,
Siwjnlar Dual Plnral
ist ixji-s. $• vrr^ ^T^k
2nd pei-s. t^ fUTK ^^K
3iti pei-s. fTTH: f^rni ^^\K
Hoots. »S udstan ti ves.
fir «t<V/( fir ^^"»« ^ conquer
q^ %c\ik JtRT to step to-
waixls, to do
j{^^\th co}tJ. Atm. to think,
to maintain, to regaitl
f?r t€?i7/t JT to set about
5TPt*TrT wt. dcsiix; [conduct
HF^T^ fw. proper conduct,
j^ m. a villain
^^^Vf I'i. name of a person
inf^H" »"• a king [account
^rnrf/ intelligence, news.
Sextexces,
JT^rWT f«r?TPT 'Trr^Ts ir^-
4
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f4
iriRST BOOK OF bANSKUlT.
F1K8T UOOK UK bANSKHlT.
Tremble, (the) enemies of
(the) Queen.
Taste (Uioa a) manga
Begin (you the) study of
Sanskrit.
Obey (wo Uic) eommands
ofGocl
Let (the) moon sliinc
Let (the two) Ixwks be
brought Iieix*.
Do not (you botli) regard
Devodatta (an) enemy.
Hejoico at men's profl«
pority.
Die, villain. [misdeeds*
May mcu blusli at (their)
LE8S0N XXIV.
BOME OP THE MORE IMPORTANT VeRDAL DERIVATIVES.
The past passive participle* is fonnctl by adding ft
to tlie root; as ^ to Itwr^ ^ heard.
The infinitive of purpose is formed by adding 3»(t
to the root; as ^ to hear, »«t3pr/>r hearituf.
The indeclinable past participle or absolutive is
formed by adding v^ to the root; 'J to /i«ar, ^p^
havifig heard. ^ takes the place of v^ when a
preposition is prefixed to tJie root; HJ^ having
experienced, f^ is prefixed to this IT when the root ends
in a short rowel; k^^hi having imitated,
* The feminine of this U formed by adding W.
t The final rowel or the penultimate short takes its gnfia
•ubeiitato before this termination.
^
Before all these terminations except if, some roots
take the augment f. As a goiioral rule, however, roots
ending in short vowels do not take it. Theixs are
some other modifications which the roots undergo,
which ai*e too various to be noticed herc.
To fonn tlie pi'csent participle, the conjugational
sign* is firet affixed to the root, and then the termina-
tion s^ (or H when the preceding base ends in V() is
added on to it when the root takes Paiiismaipada
terminations, and ^p{ (or KPT when tlie base does not
end in tt) when it takes Atumnepada termiimtions.
Li$t of Poet Paseive Participles of several roots.
M"^ to throw
HW
f^lj^ to show
ftr
oTTt ^ obtain
^nr
5^ to l>e made bad
55-
^p^ to desire, to lov(
SW5=^
^ to sec
^
frc( to draw lines, to
^Tf to put, to have
f^^
])lough
^^
^tolje proud, todaro ^
?in^ togo
9f7F?r
^ to bow
*nT
2:>?; to 1x5 angry
ffir
?r^ to perish
Te"
?^ to l)e weary
??F?f
q^to cook
qiR
^n^ to forgive
^TT^
'T? to go
^^
^ to l»e agitated
«^
^ to nourish
jer
?jr^ to dig
err?r
ipE^to ask
TT
ipftogo
^H
ir?^ to bind
«rqr
7j]^ to hide
^
^fljr to woi*ship
H^
H^ to 1)0 pixxluced
iTPf
^rsttomind, to think
'nr
92iq[ to bo satisfied
3^
if^EH to plungo
»w
nnr to aljandon
^TfT
5^ to liberate
aw
^ to bum
T^r
* Or, lucre geuerally, tiiko tlmt form which the root aesumee
licforc tho 31x1 pem. plural termination of the present tonsoi
and iUcu add on the participial h iiflix instead of that termination*
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FXUST UOOK OF i:>ANSKUlT.
31^ to Ix; foolish ipr or ^ryf
int ^ ^'on»liip x^
5^ to join 5^
^>r to Ije cngAgecl in ^i>^
OC to «poH
iry togrow
«>ni to obtain
yj to covet
^^to f»pcak
«|^ to speak
fry to boor
9T9r *M. a hut
Tqrir m. a remedy
a»»Ht||K w. a potter
ig^q' m, a well
i|? iM. ajar
^ Ist coHJ, Parasnu
Atm. tcilh ;snif to save,
to release, to lift up
f%^ to enter
fiT to Ijc
^f^ to praise
^pj to be quiet
fif^ to embrace
^ to endui*c
f^ to create, to
aljandon
^^ to touch
f ^^r to kill
fSre
^cv^" aljandon Q7
^^ ^^ to touch Vl^
grf^ f ;ir to kill fir
Woniis.
q^ m. mud
fftrr/ p»»»»
tRt/ intellect
»r^ lu. pride, arrogance
^f^ fttlj. belonging to
a sacritico
;^tf ailj, able, powerful
^ W. a SCM^XMlt
and
.Sextexcrs.
Uf ?^ «ft?T TOT I
^ In BcnteDoes in which the pfust iinrticiplo in tliuH utivO, tho
copuU HR^ 'w* may bo awpixiecil to b« unilcR»tood.
FIUfiT DOOK OF RANSKUIT.
5tP: I
Examination.
1. (iive the Imperative (all numbers and per-
sons) of ^, i-W, tr:, V^. r, ?, Wr act. and
pass., fTT *to drink,"* ^jnC, 3?^, f^?:^, fl^ ^.'«^«'^' ^5
act and pass., ^, ttc. iko.
2. How do you form —
a. The Past passive participle,
The Pivsent jiarticipK? active.
The Present participle passive.
The Inlinitive of purpose.
The Indeclinable Past jmrticiple or absolu-
tive, with and without a preposition 1
(iive the infinitive of purpose and all parti-
r.
n.
cipies of »r^, inr, 5^ ?!r^, Tf , 'Pii ^1 ^» ^f
f^, t A-e. ti e.
• Kn.in Fjr.
t Tl»c i>iii>ii will ipquirc tho teacher's Awiatancc in nn»wer.
Ing IhU f|MoMioii, which i»« rnthor too Aavnnced for him.
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fS PIRAT BOOK OP 8AN8KHIT.
LESSON XXV.
NOUXS RXDIXO IX COXSOXAXTS.
Tho general schcmo of Cftsc-ondings given in
Sanskrit Grainniai*s in tm follows : —
pinsT nooK OF saxskrit.
.'
Hitii/nlar
Diud
Plural
If oin. A Voc.
^
^
8T^
Ace.
VK^.
*T>
wr^
Instr.
W
>VXH.
Pnc
Dot.
T
*=!nH.
»«r?t
Am
»n(
»»rni
»sn(
Oeiu
«n[
sfRC
»Tni
IjOC.
X
»Trec
5
Tliese tonuinations ai'o applied without any cliango
to niasculino and feminine nouns ending in conso*
luuits, but tho ci*udo fonn its(*lf undergoes ceitain
modifications, whicli we will sliortly notice.
1. There ara a number of nouns which undergo
no cluuige, and ai*e declined alike whether masculine
or feminine; as ^;^«t<f 'HF't^w'.i ffr^> itc.
Noni. k Voc i?^*
Ace. 'i^cf^
iiistr. in??rr
Dfffd Phirnl
j^ ____
^ When there are more than ono cf>nsonant at tlie eud of a
word, the first ie rotnincd nnd ilio others dropped ; m H^
with H becomes TF^ l>"t ^ is dropped, and tho fomi i*
T
tSiufjulav
i?/«(^
Phtral
Dat.
T^
'n?wrni
»n?5«TJ
AU.
*rw:
HF5^rR[
«IT?^^!
Gen.
HWJ
frrfP
T???TrK
Loc.
T^ftr
»!Trfti
»r?^
^h:./.
Nom.
1' Voc. ^^^
^ttyIt
^r'^:
Ace.
'^rr^^
^p#r
^n^:
Instr.
^r^
^rr^^R
^rrf^:
Dat.
^
^F«(rK
^rrf«r:
Abl.
'^rr^:
«li**^l'K
^rr^iT!
Gen.
«rr?r:
^'^s
*<I^IH
Loc.
^Pt
m^v
TRJt
2.
Nouns ending in »|?r, and jpr when masculino
pixjfix
a H to the final
fl in the first fi^
re nillexions.
H^^ w'.
iSiv'jnlnr
Dual
Pi It rat
Nom.
^^m^
>TnT^r
HiNV-HJ
Aoc.
*T»rry?TK •'^TT^Ir
HT7^:
Instr.
>nr^?Tr
^nr^«rnt
^HT'T^ftC:
Dat.
>TT^W
HT^5*^r»i
^nr^«r:
Abl.
^rnr^:
H^^«in(
-m^^rs
Gon.
vr^^?r:
HT^j
vrn^pt
Loc.
^nnrfir
H^^r:
H^T^
Voc.
•-T»T^5i
HTT^Ftfi"
>T»nFcr:
* ^ or ^ i« cluuiged to ^ bcfoiH) lioi-d coimoimiitH, mid to ']r
before any w>ft consonant except a njwal or a semivowel. This
change takes ]ilacc aUo when these consonants end a word. A
consonant (except a nasal) at tho end of a wonl is changed to
the first or third of its clft^s.
t ^ following a vowel except «T and HF, or a letter of the
gntlural class, or I, generally hccomes ^.
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80
FiRirr nooK of baxbkrit.
•T Pn*»oiit participles dillor from this only in the
nominative singular, the ^ of the last syllable being
sliort, OS ir^^n^;>r. j)arl,f ij^^sj^nom. sin^,
4. Tlio tcnninations of the nominative, vocativo
and accusative forms of neater nouns ending in
consonants are as follows: —
KliignJav Dif*d Plural
(none) f f
Before tJie \ of the pluml *f^ is pi-efixotl to the iinal
consonant if it ^le not a nasal or a semi-vowel. Tho
othor cases are, as in the case of nouns ending in
vowels, formed exactly liki^ those of tlH'correK^wnding
masculine.
Noni,, Voc., and Ace. inT'^r ^rnT'fV ^fHT^T
Nom., Voc, and Ace. ij^OTT T^^^ 1*0/^
5. The Xom. Voc. and Ace. dual of tho neuter
of present participles is just tho same as the feminine
form*; hT^ ;>*•• ;>«»•'• H^^ / ^ »'• ^^"-i fiw^ pr.
jwrL fi^Frft or RnTfft/ ^ »'. <'". «fcc.
Words.
Vn?/. diversity
%^\^gpKnflj* long-lived
ij^r^H^fif/;. meritorious
^finir u. tho world
^^/ stone
yttKf{^ a/{/. sensible, talented
qX^ ^^i/« dependent
tRt^/ the iii-st day of a
lunar fortnight
)Til^ f(f(/.divine, majestic
>{^ ;>row. your Honour
^j^ //*. a king
• Tlw feiuiuino forms of wljcctivw ending in ^^^ or ^'J, iiikI
of pretest imrtidplcfi, are fonueil l»y adiUng X\ "* W^^Ttft,
loBg-livod in\w), Voforo f*, however, t ii« prefixed to tlio
fiutl ^of the im^nt imrticiplcs of the root« of tlio ht, 4th,
ami lOthooDJugMtions, sud optionslly to the ^ of those of roots
of the 6(h oonjug»tk>n.
FIRST DOOK OF SAXSKUIT.
81
T
if^ m. wind, a god
i|fviH^ ^^(/« having form
jj^tWflT «^A fanious
i^p^/. sjMjech
fin3*^/ lightning
^^Jl n. sky
inr?/ autunni
f%^ mth ^^ to neglect
chli^ nrw. name of a month
«rt?r f/i. name of a king
»rftWT «'*• festival
ifV»nT adj. pi-osperous
^T'T?/ wealth, pi-ospcrity
g^HHrT adj. happy, those
M'ho eitjoy happiness
5^ wi. a friend
5^3^ w*' lirc
Jjlf m. a deer
37rgf77>'<* name of the god
Krishn.a
f%^ Mh CO If J. Aim. to bo
gF^^l^loiiig
T^ce^ going
Present Parlictjtk'S*
%^?nT driving I q^lf. wviiig
TRPl con<iuering I TO^, dwelling
•^TTOTt ruling
8KNTKXCKS.
'«i5??q ir^nj ^ngif R
•>(itnot prefiscd to«tin tlio Tinit five inflcxioni in this
CAte.
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82
FIKST UOOK OF SANSKUIT.
5pfi vpr^ ^g^f^TT I i
^ r '
^: I [ ^s I
Kai*ayana is not depend-
ents
Deer sit on stones in (n)
forest.
Indra U (the) lord of (the)
gods.
On (the) first of Kdrlika
there is (a) festival
(I) saw (a) boy going to
ftchool.
In prosperity many per-
sons follow (a) man.
A man is abandoned by
(his) friends in adversity.
Krishna saw men dnving
1101*808.
(The) ascetics iH^ganl(thc)
world as (a) wilderness.
(A) work is ^vrittcn by
(tlic)(alcntod NArftyana.
B4ma lived in (the) prosperous city of AyodhyA.
Examination'.
1. Repeat the case-tenninations occumng in
Sanskrit Grammars.
* Tbb it an {nRUnce of tho genitiTe absoluto ; it hM the
MDM of 'notwithftondiDg.*
t This is an inttanco of the locattre aljsoliite; tlie meaning
k like that of the English nominative absolute— <ffry« having
FlilST UOOK OF SANSKUIT.
c^3
2. Compare the declension of nouns in ^ or
»r?t,with that of pirscnt participles, and of these
with that of any ordinary noun ending in a con-
sonant, such as ^r^.
.3. How do you form tiic neutor dual or femi-
nine of present imrticiplc.?, and adjectives in ipT or
4. How is ^ or jRT treated when followed by
haixl or soft consonants, or when it is at the end
of a word ]
5. In what circumstances is ^ genemlly
changed to ^ 1
G. Decline ir%«T^, ?T5pr, ^T^J^^.*"., ./• ^fc v.,
n., fip^pj '"i /. ^ ^*i 'T^^ '"•» w^, ^t^«nt »«.»/
ii n., ^c Jcc,
7. l'2xplain, with instanccf, the use of tho Loci
and Gen. absolute.
LE8?^0X XXVI.
NOI'NS ENDING IN 3??, AND J%
*jr h ^, the nominative and vocative singular teruiina-
tion, is dropix?d (see note, page 78).
2. 5^ is dropixrd in tho nominative singular, and
before all terminations lieginning with consonants.
3. The H is lengthened in the first five inflexions,
and X in the nominative singular only. Tliis rule does
not hold good in tho case of neut<?r nouns. But in tho
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84
F1R8T UOOK OF 8AN8KltlT.
plural of the notii., voc. nnd acc. of Uiokc, Uie H
and f arc lengthened.
4. K is dropped Wforc tlie vowol tcnninaiions Ijc-
/[(inning with the V[^ of the ncciiKativc plural, but not
in cases when the V{ is pivceded hy a conjunct conso-
nant of wliicli 1^ or ^ in the iinal mcnilKr. Tliis rule is
applied optionally in the locative singular of niasculino
and neuter noung, and in the noni. voc. and acc.
dual of tlie latter.
•n Tlic vocative sin^ailar d(H*s not diH'cr fi*om tho
crude. In tlic neuter ^ is optionally droi>ix?<l
cnr5i 'w.
Hiiijnlur
Dual
^
rbmd
Noni.
Acc.
rnrr
fpn^rr
fHTPT:
il-HHH
4|i||»ri
n^TJ*
Instr.
XTSJH
iii(«4rH
n^Pr:
Dat.
Tm
TTJ^^XK
cnwr:
Ahl.
«75r:
4i*i*niH
uir«r:
CJen.
nir:
frjfr:
cRfR
Loc
nfir— cnrPr rnffir:^
nir^
Voc.
nini:
^nrpfr
* niTFr:
Xoni.
w^^
MKHRr
STP^T:
Acc.
KPTPnt
KR^
HR'TT:
Instr.
WTHT
MRT^fPt
^rr^Pr:
DaL
KP^
HPT«rnr
Kr^«r:
• The lTo£ tlie final nyllaMc H'l^l)ciiig c1m]>pc<l, wo have
n^pj. By a mle of Sandhi i*(c pogo 21, note*), ^ beoomee
^, which, with the preceding ^, becomes 9^.
Fili.ST JIOOK OF SANtfKUIT.
85
tSiiif/f(far
Dmd
rhtral
Ahl.
5TP^:
^r«!»T«r:
Cton.
5Tr^5lJ
^rr^^rpt
I/K-.
^TF^f'T
VTK^^Hi:
KR»r5
A^oc.
^P'T'^
Hr«»TRs
Noui. and
Acc. ^fPT
HRHlorHr^
TPTF^
Instr.
Tr^r
^rnrv^irx
TPTRt:
D.it.
-Ilk
Tpr*«iR
TR^r:
Ahl.
^rm:
TR^^nt
5Tnr^2T:
Gen.
^nsr:
ir^r:
Tmnc
Ix>c.
TPTf^-TrlW 'ITWi'i
Tnrg
Voc.
^rnr?^ or ^tr tpt^ or ?rnft
'nHrr??
^ftr'l 1//.
Xoui
^r
^i%^r
^r^T:
Acc.
^i^K
^fe'ft
^ri[pf:
Instr.
^fi^PTT
^ftr^^TTH!
^ftrPr:
Dat.
^RiT^
^R[r«rni
^ftr^T!
AM.
^%T:
i^^^R
%xr^^: .
Gen.
^ftr^:
^ftr%:
WRRPf ^•
Loc.
i^rfierRr
irrf^r:
^fi[ry
Voc.
^rftr^
tlri^:
Noiu. and
Acc. HffV
vnfipft
HPftRr
Voc. htRrc or^rrf^
^Mt
^TPftfJT
The rest like fr%^'
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«G
riHur liuOK or sanskuit.
Rcrvaiit
•juilty, of-
fending
M^^H'/t. aKtonc
in^rL '"• ^^^^
fcoiil, self
ntU^iiclaiit on
the womoirs
apartments
4iH*j >'. fiction
rP^
/;.
Iiapp}-, well
^fTPi '"• clisacl-
vantago, evil
SITfT^ST ". tlir
Ajtai-tnient oc-
cupied
M-onieii
house
seller
hy
in a
coun-
Wonns.
going to a holy
I?li\CC
'ipi'^"' leailicr
ffnrgr w. name
q'fVTR' ^/'. a hird
IH'rH'^^ "'• ft" ani-
mal
ITT^/''. alTrction
^^nrrf^^ rrr//. a
fruit-eater [tor
5f^^m. the Crca-
^ni'*' ft houKO
*4riV^ ^^y» ^vhat
is to lio
of rT irtih 3TT,
descending
MKHiir/ daugh-
ter
T^TFTff/ ft shoe
JWsfi, of Jp^isj,
ham]>ered, im-
peded
^ti^XP: V. skill,
pi*oficicncy
TPT^^^ «'. crea-
^rflT'Tw*. gi"cat-
ness
Wrf^5T* odj.
talonted, in-
to! h'gcjit
'^ff'T^ »"• an as-
et^tic
iM'«i^ '"• ft king
^T^^ >//. a way,
a path
f%''T?ir^5!r m. the
arcliitert of
t!ie gods
(%^f^ «'• ft
mountain
tor of the world
happy
qrrrTPT »"• result
ous [grim
zrrf^wi. a pil-
q-^^ lii. name
of Krishna's
father
• Tlic feminine form of nn ndjcctivc ending in Tl. \n made
np liy Adding ^. n, ^Xlft^ 'talented' ( womHU ).
t TIm f of this tronl bfcomca ^nnd \ in the circumktiuicci
iiicoiV>iied in note* pngc 79.
i
FIRST BOOR OF SAXSKBIT.
•SeXTENCES.
t<7
^ <\ K m^ 5^ TIWI ?T»T: I
^^ ^TfrT^'«Ts3^sf«r^-
^T%Tr?Ti5Rr5<Tpfl'?fri
irrar: f^^mr ^f> ^/%7nT grnrr-t
Dcvoclatta is intclligont | Nala was (tho) sou o{
( Tlic ) father embraced Vilvakarinan.
(Iiis) son with aflcction. I Birds fly in (tho) sky.
•WTicn 1^, "^Riul \ at the end of a word or grunnwUcat
form are jircceded liy a short vowel snd followed by tny rowel,
they are doubled.
f Said of the minuter I3hi'iriva«ii who wn* reiiorte<t to hare
thought of giring Us danghtor MAlntl, against her wuhee, itt
marriage to Xandana, tho cnnlidciitial friend of bis maater, th4
king of PadmAvatI, out of a desire to please him.
t^Rnir^ber* means 'from motircs of self-interest.'
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$8
FIRST DOOK OP SANSKRIT.
Bcnants follow ( tlicir ) Shoes are made of
lord. leather.
Trees grow on mountains. Hari's ruin is (the) result
(I) do notremeni1)er (the) of (liis) actions.
names of (the) hoys,
Brahui4 created animals, and stones, and the sky.
ExAMiNATioy.
1. la what cases is the \ of nouns ending in
yfsji^ dropped, and in what cases the 9T? Give
examples of nouns wliich do not drop the latter.
3. Compare tlio declensions of nouns ending
in v<C ^th Uiat of those in ^.
3. Decline ^% ^f^H% ^% TVI5, wftpT^
jpnf^ H'f^ ^fipr, ^% ^ftf^/., ic. ffcc.
4. How do you fonn the feminine of adjectives
ending in f^ ?
LESSON xxvir.
Nouns exdixo ix ^, ^, and ^fqTE[ or ipr^.
1. The nom. sing, of nouns ending in ^ is formed
hy dropping tlie tennination f[ and lengthening %r if
it precedes. The ^ of the noun is tlien changed to a
Wsaiga (ric& note X P« C)*
2. Before tlie terminations Ijeginning with con-
sonants tlie ^ is changed to a visarga, which in being
compounded with tlie terminations follows tlie Sanditi
rules that have been given (see note • page 15, andt
and||pagcl7).
FIRST nOOK OP SANSKRIT.
80
3. NouJis in ^ and ipr^ or q^r^ prefix in tlio
masculine a si[^to tlie llnal ^, and their penultimate Sf
is lengtliened, in the first five ijiflexions. The nomina-
tive singular ends in ^rt wul ^n^-
4. The ^ of ^ is changed to 5r* before the vowel
terminations, beginning with that of the accusative
plural, and before the ^ of the nom., voc. and ace.
dual of the neuter; and tlie IJ to 5 Iwfoi-c the con-
sonantal, and in the nom., voc. and ace. sing, of the
neuter.
5. Tlie rule mentioned in (2) holds also in thp
case of ipr^ or ipr^.
C. The preceding H, if R»yi i« »ot lengtlionod h\
the case of the nom., voc. and ace. sing, of neuter
nouns. Before tlie f of the plural, the peiiultimato
vowel is lengthened and a nasal inscL*ted aftor it.
7. In the vocative singulars of all these the
penultimate is not lengthenctl ; as ^^{^^it y ftV^f ^^*
Nom.
Ace.
Insti*.
Dat.
AbL
Dual
riifval
♦ Before thin ^ the pi-ccciliog f, if wiy, i9 ilroppccl, n»%f^«
^"%JR'5 «cc. i»l.
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riRST DOOK OF SANSKRIT.
Singular Dual Plural
FinST DOOK OF 8AXSKIUT.
91
■ ^__
•^^ftH^nc 1
^HlH^l!
Voc. •^^CTS
'5|»^h4'|
•^5=5:^^: 1
firwc'".
1
s^oiD. fir^ri
firjr^
r .
A^cc. ftimn
f%«w*V
f^:
[nstr. firjqrr*
fTO[^r»i
f^fe:
Dat fir2%
RiW^^iH
PtR^T:
AibL ftfj^s
ftw^^j
RijiHrK
Loc. ffjpr
firj^:
ft«?«
^"oc. Rn?
finf^
f%«wr:
^W^w.
N'on^ H^W
"Niir^
^^rrcr:
\co. M^f^
^ml*
^^ET:
[iistr, i^^TOT
^ipiT^^nK
^XfHi
Dat ^(^^
^^b^B[T^.
^r^i
AbL Mira:
^^^TSkV^
^m^l
GeiL -^ira-:
^k^i
^mK
Loc wrftr
^k^mi
^i^-^
Voc ^^
^im
^RT: /j
1 8«« Aote t p. 79.
'pnc
«.
SiHfjular
Di'fd
rinml
NoMi., Voc.
H^'
HT^
»prrftr
and Ace.
The i-est like *^3r^.
fffi^^ ^'•
Nom., Voc.
^fWf^
?r^i^*
?ffwitfir
mul Ace,
'J'lie rest like f^^^.
w^/'
Noin.
BTf%!
Mf^-iMk
w%«r:
Ace.
Hr^MK
BTf%^^
BtF%^:
liislr.
Hf%^
^Tf%^rR:
Dat.
Hj^'*
5Tf%««ni:
*Tr5r«r:
Abl.
-.Tf%^:
Gen.
Mf%«(!
oTH'Hin.
Loc,
^nrf^
Mr4M>:
5iTf%«S--?
Voc.
BTf%:
WOHDS.
Mf%'^--
MV^f^PRC ^'V- ^^''*^^*^
?rfer^
rtf/y. sat
qrft^T^ ^^U
. younger
^■n^ '*•
light
t^^ 7/. eye
m. a god
f5^T^ 9J. Veda
2'^t^ra; ^"- "a"*^ ^^ ^ '^^s^
t^r^TPT^^^'
D*. elder
5^5^ '<.
a 1k)w
^qr^ M. religious austerity
^^^n.
the- sky
ffi^I «. clarkiiCKS
^^^^ n.
water
♦ The feminine of wljcctivcs ending in ^ ia tbc i^iano nn
the Norn. Voc and Ace. tlnal of the neuter ; wliile that of
iMljccUve« in X^^ and ^^^ is fonncd by tho eimplc oddi-
tion of T .
t Thi«i and ^^W are decline*! like '^^T'T:
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92
PinW HOOK OP SA.VfKIUT.
sii|^ ntJJ, vciy dear, donivr
ij^ ntfj. very gwat,
{pwtor
ipr^ ;/. iiiiiid
inr^ i/. fame, glory
^IT^ if, nil rvil Kpirit, n
llAksliaKa
CW^ ". <lu8t, pollen
^ro^ '*. tlio lirooMt
flr^^ #1. Kpooch
•T^Pt/. iiotgrouiMl
ITPifR' "'. Iinniiitngo
l^Hjqj M, name of the
eoinmanrlcr-in-chief of
King Virft^
JSIT M' name of a son of
I^unia [done, made
fnr y'^'W y^f !•/. yirt/r/r. of sy,
lJ^^attJ, meriiorioti8
ifH" '''^'. worn out» old
in:^/^ name of a town
^^ oilj, new.
n^T^T^ »*. a follower of
tlio XyAya
IHI-^il '^"^ one dwelling
in a foivst
^ra^ */. nge
^V:^^ ". cloth
f^H^ /ff//. learned
Vt^ wi. UrahinA
r^i^ */. tlu» Iiead
V^ ^''^/. Mijierior, pms-
IMM'OUS
?aT^ i'. II luk<»
f fireC ''• *^>^ ollerin;;
yin^tTPT )/. oliject of wor-
filiip or rovi*rence
Rrt'^TT./' name of the fe-
male eom|>anion of iSa-
kuhtalA
^TifVw ^"» »iaiiie of a king
of the solar mce
*ll«l<*iW '''V. hrilliant
white
^Jlf ftf/J, white
KTC ''•'>/' fir to cover; ly^ wifk kj to consent, to
agree to ; ^ ;ir. patf. trifh tp^^ TfT^t nsing : jp^ 1*<
roiV*. /•rrr<r#»>. togo;y tnfk ^^ to eat, to perform a
SfUTifice,
I
Fii:bT UUUK UK bANSKUn*.
.SEXTEMIiS.
ua
^inerl «TRff^ qj'q'ir i
^%=r ^t^Rt fTifirfr: Jpl^^sjisni^ i
* Tbut U, thcii' Mc«ilth nuJ gcucml i»rusi»crity cxcoodcd
tlicir desires.
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Oi
rinar dook of «a>skiut.
llari ap2)casc(1 (his) luo-
thor l»y (his) 8i)ccch.
^Carayana's youugfsr bro-
ther is at K^i.
PAiiiiii sjKaks of (the)
(Tlio) wind brings pollen
from flowers.
May (th(?) glory of (the)
Queen spread over
(the) eai*th.
Priyaiiivad^ went to ]-)iir-
vasas and Injggi^l juir-
doii.
Hari Siiw (the) eharioticr
driving hoi*scK, with
(his) eyes.
lUnia was waited U2>on
(Kcr\ed) by (liis) youn-
ger liTothcrs.
(TJic) hermitages of (tho)
foivst-<l welling I^lishis
wcro made of leaves
and bmnches of tiTes.
Lliagiratha ploasetl Vo-
dhas by(his) austerities.
(There) aro lotus-flowers
in (the) waters of (the)
lakes.
(The) king ix*veres learn-
ed men.
As (a) niau leaves worn
out clothes and weal's
new oncK, so (tli(5) soul
leaves old Ixidies and
enters new ones.
Eaghu eon«iucred (the)
earih by (his) 1k)ws and
aiTOws.
(The) offerings thrown in-
to (the) iiix) are carried
by (tlie) lire to the gods.
Examination.
1. Compare tho declensions of nouns ending
in Vr^ f5, fTfCor rpr^, and ^.
2. When is the ^ of ^ changed to ^, and how
is tho preceding f*, if any, ti-eated in this easel
3. How is the feminine of nouns ending in
^ and ^pv^ or ipr^ formed 7
FIUST UOOK OF SAN'SKIUT.
95
4. Decline qr^T^. vrj^, iiP**^ w'm /. •fc •*•!
miH ' ^ «i.,/., J: !»., '^^f ^rrhro w^«55/f WfPTO
w*.,/, & i«.| ic «J:c.
LESSON XXVIII.
Ok tue Potential Mood.
Terminations.
Pauasmaipada.
rivral
1st IMSrK.
rni fT
2ud i)ors.
r^ jr^
f^
3nl pci-K.
Atmaxepada.
f7^
/Hiifffular Dual riural
Istpcrs. f^ i^ f^ff
2nd pcrs. f^t' hwJTK ^^
3rdpei-s. T?T <^miH. ITt*
Tho conjugational signs must be added on to the
roots before the terminations of the Potential
* These terminations ore the same as those of the Imperfect
with the following exceptions .in<l modifications. Tho Parosm.
8rtli)ers. plur. tonuination is T^ instead of BT'Tand those
of the Atm. 3rtl pers. plur., Ist i»er8. shig., and 3rd and 2nd
l>ers. duals are K% ^, H"Rrr^. and BTmPl respecUTely
instead of M'^T, f, X^HKf «^»<1 f^^^- To these terminations
!f is to be prefixed when they begin with a consonant and
fW when they begin with a vowel.
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Otf
VIUST UOOK or &VNSK1UT.
PaRASMAU'AIIA.
$Sinfjiihtr
Dual
Phiml
IstpcrK.
2nd |K?i*s.
3rd pcrv.
^#r
'r^
^:*
Atmaxkpada.
tSiitf/nhir Dual Vhtral
Ifit pci-s. 2*^ 5^>^^ 5^*'^'''
2nd pci-8. gp^RTT! ^^I'^rt^lH 5*^^^
Tlic potontiol expresses (I) pix)l»ability, commands,
prayers, wislics, liopes, il-c, and (2) is used in depen-
dent clauses implying these. (3) It is also used in
conditionaU sentences in which ono statement
depends on another as its reason or condition. In
these two latter respects it i*csenibles the English
suhjunctive.
Words.
ix>ad, ;^ m, fatigue; the
fatiguo of a journey
M'y^T »«. pleasing, giv-
ing delight to
HHf^f ^ YM. an illiterate
person
v^^l^ m. hann
^'"^^ ;>«*< parL jhiss,
of ^ with btPt, over-
come, overpowered
^ff?r »'. injury, harm,
dam ago
* The potentiiU forms vf H^ aud H*^ arc given iu the
SocoudBoolu
t Bxcept i»lui)crfect ooadititiiMld.
ftii%r BOOK or sAirsKRiT.
97
%TrfW »•• covering, ob-
struction
9^ ind. or
3^ Ul c<n\)\Alfn, to be able
^ m, n,/, mean
lUn n. singing
llXf lit eonj. Ainu %oUh
3T7, to bathe in
1^^ with Wt to practise,
to do
^l^jIM^ ni. dfc, wife and
huslmnd
fl\ltt conj, Paroinu to
shine, to be hot
^r»n5rr/. night
yrfiCH^ ' n, poverty
f^/. bad state
ffy 4^A co^y. Paroinu to
act the traitor
^ »». «./. wise, of forti-
tude or patience
^ r u^ l/ name; named
5f«rm^fnTr/. «rm »>• jus-
tice, ^jtt/ court; court
of justice
q^; with f9na[ to result
q C^J iT m. ti./ another's
Pr^nft'w. rfu.offinj,parcnts
joif »t.ti./. holy
first, previous, y^^ w.
a good action; a pre^dous
good action
\l[^ pcLBt paH. of v^T^xoith
SI", arrived at, come to
^f^ ind, out of (used
with the Abl.)
>fsr to resort to, to have
recourse to
HHOi^tft / the Ganges
>Tfir >». n./ much
•^TT^ twrf. a vocative
particle
«^ M. silence
^*T«f M. defence
C^ m. a rope
FT^ IW coi\j. Ainu XDiih
^if, to resort to
^ t(n^4 9Tfvr, to sit upon,
to i^est upon
firrftr/ odvemty
ffigif nu a wrong path,
evil conduct
f^[^ nu n,f, Mrith the face
turned away from
* ^K dr«»piiU^wh#n followed by a Towtl or % wl%
coMonKnt
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08
FIRST BOOK OF 6AX8KFIT.
f^TMHT^: ^«w- of finTPT-
#3 »»., firwr «». rest,
^ffi. purpose; for the
purpose of rest
ifhrr m. a i*esting-placc
f<H 1 4 fft. an assembly
5?^"- lagoodactlon
g^ m. »!,/ fragrant
g^^ wKii./ virtuous, good
ff triVA Rr to forget
Sextkxces.
vi x^i JTfn ^ft ^^3: 1
FIRST DOOK OF SAXSKRIT.
00
(You two) bhouW wftsli your hands and feet when
j-ou return lionic-
Men should not forgot their friends.
If tliou wort </> trtKto tho. fruit of that ti-eo (thou)
would st die.
The (two) books nmy liC oarried iu (two) hands.
(You two) should leam NyAya fi*oin O'our) teacher.
Let us sit licw in (I ho) slmdo of (a) tree.
Kings should protect their subjects from harm.
liCt us worship God with a pure heart.
(Thou) shouldst give money to poor persons.
Y'ou should not err in [from] (your) duties
Men sliould not become agiuted without cause.
No man shall covet another's wealth.
(The) King ordered that (the two) rogues should be
beaten.
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loo
riHST BOOR or 8AK6ftRIT.
O^e) »hould obtain fame if (we) died in dcf^^noe of
our country.
Witnesses shall always tell the trutli incourUof
justice.
If (I) go to KAsi (I) will bring many Sanskrit books.
If (you) were to tell a lie (you) would be beaten
by (your) masters.
(The) King led his soldiers out of (the) city that (he)
might fight with (liis) enemy.
(I) should 1)0 punislicd by (my) masters if (C)
were seen doing evil (sin).
Would (the) poor BrAhmanas get any money if they
should hog through the town 1
(I) gave much money to (my) sisters that (my)
parents might be pleased.
A wife and husband should woi'ship Agui every day
in the house.
EXAXlNATlpX.
1. Compare the tcnninations of the Imperfect
and the Potential.
2. In what senses is the Potential used 1
S. When does hI^ drop its ^^1
4. Give the Potential (all numbers and persons)
o'?f ^ »r^with fn, ^TRi ir. ft, ?pr, wr. ^nr, ^f
act and pass., fr pass., ^ with STJ act and pass.,
Y P*^*^! T^ '^ ^^ P<^^ ^^ ^^
I
riAST BOOK or SANSKAIT. 101
LESSON XXIX.
Pronouns.
The chief pronouns in Sanskrit ai'e — ^ *air, iff,
•that*, !pr? 'this', «r? * who* or 'which* (relative), (j%rR[)
'who' or Svhich' (interrogative), STPTf *I* or *we,* jciff
•thou* or 'you', f^ 'this*, H^^ 'this' or *that'.
1. The following five terminations are peculiar to
pronouns ending in «r; in other respects they are de-
clined like the corresponding nouns —
Nom. PL X
Dat Sing.^
Abl. Sing.?pTr^
Ocn. PI. fqn^
Loc SingftiT^jr^
Singular Dual Plural
Norn. ^'' W^ ^
Ace. ?Er^ ;^ ^TTT^
instr. ^r^ ^a^iWnf ^!
Dat ukA m4\^\H, ^^^iTJ
Abl. i<q^iq^ ^r«rni ^Eff^r:
Gen. m^ ^rf^r: m^K
2. Pronouns of the feminine gender ending in Kf
take the following peculiar terminations, before all of
which except ?ETn(, the iTT i> shortened; in other
respects they are declined like nouns in W(J —
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102
KIBST BOOK OF SANSKRIT.
Sing. ^
Sing. pn^
Sing. PTRC
PI. mn,
Sing. f^nt
Diiaf Phu'<d
^^ ^:
3. ir5, fJfT?, 115, and fifjif in the masculine gender
are declined aa if they vcrefr, q^, «r, and qf, re-
spectirely, t.f., pronouns ending in k. The noni.
sing, forms of ff^ and ij?!^, however, arc ^:* and
1f^: respectively.
4. In the feminine gender tliese pronouns are de-
clined as if they were ?frr, fflTr, nx, and i^, i.e., ending
in Hx. The nominative singulni^s of the first two are
^ and if^ respectively.
Dat.
Abl.
Gen.
(ien.
Loc.
i>inyular
Norn. ^^
Ace tiqi*(
Instr. frWT
Dat. ^r^
Abl. frywr:
Gen. fTTfirr:
I-oc. fT^PC
>Sifiyuiar Dual
ff?
»r
Neuter Xoni.
TV?
T%
and Ace.
T?
«r
flff*r
V
Plural
• €r: and 7^: drop the ftiiAl ^^ or viuirga when followed by »
^OMOBMii in a •entcnce, ^ S^^t ^c.
yiRST BOOK OF SA>'BKIIIT.
103
5. ipr is used optionally for q^ in the accusative,
the instrumental singular, and genitive and locative
dual in the three gcndei*s.
Mascllinb.
Ace. (pru or ipr»( ^ or ipflr ipnr^or T^rn
Instr. fcJing. qf^ or q^
Gen. & Loc. Du. fjiref; or ippfrJ
F£>11NIXE.
Ace. u.*ii*( onprn'c 7^ ^^* ^ TTT? oi* iprr«
Instr. Sing. fpTOT or ipRlT
Gen. «k Loc. Du. If^nft! or ffsnfi':
2s cut. Ace. q^or ipr? T^ or q^ q^lfH or qHTpT
AVoKDS.
^ j*0^ ^^(/'* handsome
vxfk^X^ adj, all, whole
*T^/ a forest
KI^TT »*• ^ son
I? aci^'. wished, desired
s^ftfy m. name of a gi*eat
sage
^fr5?«r«r «• gold, [family
i grftrf af// . bom of a good
^jTJcT o^./' T^ merit, and
50' to know, one who ap-
preciates merit
-ft \stconJ.Para87H. to sing
^^flS[ n, theft
^orr/ money given to
Br&hma)ias
^itF / name of a goddess
f^ m. country
«rn[ ^0//* con/, Farasm <C*
yi^/{. to act as in a
dramatic play
ft'GorRr cidj. well-versed
^ jKist jKirt, ;>«w. of ^,
punlied, holy
ITT^T <if(/« joined with
ipsTTT ^<* Allahabad
^^pij^ </(y. a metaphysical
philosopher; one know-
ing the Braluua
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X04
riBiT BOOK OF BAirsiUUT.
^ftSKii «»• an evil spirit
in the form of a buffalo
^rtW^/ the eartli
' n. wealth
f^ Ut eor^. Paroitn. ds
Attn. wUh iTT) to depend
upon [the Vedas
^(%»nj[«^*. one who knows
S£KT£9CK^.
• The addition offr ^l^ to filHC in aU ito gtndangirta It aii
bdefiniU mum ; HTf^^t • Mmethiog* or •snything/ ^j^ftw
<toMbod7/ae.
t 8m rok^ pugs (fa, fMtaoU.
FIRST llOOR OP MNs<KRIT.
Wo
^ ipxrr: «[5SFnrTOr^ li
Who are these 1
What is their avocation 1
She is Hari*8 daughter.
What is her name t
To whom did EAma say
sol
Ho is Govinda's brother.
I went to school with him.
He saw NArAyana play-
ing with those boys.
Which of his friends does
he remember 1
There are fishes in that
river.
He is followed by her.
Where are the men that
have come from tliose
villages?
They come from that coun-
try of which Sddraka
is the king.
The queen directed those
of her maids who were
near(in proximity with)
her to bring flowers for
her.
In this house did the king
of the Mah&r4sh(rtyas
live.
Which of those girls sing f
Examination.
1. In what respects does the
clension differ from the Nominal?
Pronominal d#
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100
FIM8T HOOK OF SAN'SKUIT.
2. Do tlic cnulo iunns of Pronouns (Demon-
strative, Relntivc, nnd Tnten-ogativc) end in vowels
or consonants ? Docs their declension resemble that
of nouns ending in a vowel or in a consonant 1
3. How is the visarga of ^: and q^: treated in
combination in a sentence 1 v
4. Decline ir? w., /, cO w., W? w*-, /• ^' «*-f ftnt
Nom.
Ace
Instr.
Dat.
AbL
Gen.
Lo&
Noni.
Ace
Instr.
Dat
AbL
Oea.
Loc
LESSON XXX.
Proxocxs op the 1st and 2yD Persons.
(*T^^ / or ice).
Sutfjnlai* Diifd Plnral
im^orirr WWn(or^ »Tf»Tntor^:
inn *Tm«n^ KwrPr-.
incmor^ WRr^rniorift KW^n^or^:
irir or ^ Knnit! or ^t k^i^h or its
^^c«r^ (r^oie or 2/ote).
?fni or m 5^^ or ^rr»( a**fr«T or ir:
5»^ori^ 5fr«rT^orirT^5«ir«n^orir!
ii.
FIMST liOUK Ol" JiiAN'iKKlT.
107
NVonuii.
small fault
5:^^ 1«« co)»/. /'«-
rfi5>H.to protect
faithless
iTPrf/ ft vcncm-
blc womnn
;^fpr wi. time;
ifHwith ftcr.soffj.
of irrr or ^no"
prefixed to it,
to submit
ifjl m. a con
qucror
frpxi^ «i. a man
who is ft slave
\^ ii. fortuiio!
1^ 10//i '^oi?;'.
to sunnount
^pifj fr<//. little,
small
AJ^ wi. i*Ciility
woman
•Jr^-irr?^ >'• ft" ft^*
scn^blago of
rltjud?.
735^ »ii. a particle
f^nr wf. separa-
tion
Pjp^ ^1, welfttiv,
happincKS
^f^fj m. the sun
mf^iw*- ft wit-
ness
dav
\
Sentknci-:s.
^^ 19^ !S^T? f^
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lOl!t
KIM8T HOOK OK fiAXSKIIIT.
Thou art a wise nmn.
Dost then suspect nic to
be a faithless person?
Who was your guide
when you asceiulcci the
mountain?
Who toJd thee this stoiy ?
My lather went to K&si,
and when he returned
he brought many books,
and gave them to me.
Tell us what happened
there.
I asked you where my
book was.
Do not Ijc sorry at a se
parntion from us.
By tliy favour we sur-
mounted all perils.
I remember what was
done by you at the time.
The witnesses were or-
dered by me to come
on Monday.
I gave 30U heaps of corn
when you came to my
house.
Thou being defeated, thy
soldiers submitted to
the conqueror.
Amongst us, Hari is the best
* Said by a husband to hit wife,
t Ssidio 81U by VMiiLths, who ws. the procoptor or
cbn^Wn of the eolar race of kingp, to irhich BAms belonged.
\
PJliST DOOK OF SANSKHIT.
LESSON XXXl.
mnC '^^^^ or This and f^ Th\9.
MaSCU'LINIv.
Sviffulnv Dual
Plural
100
Noni.
K^
♦»Tf.
vr^
Ace.
K5^
*r^
STTS^
Tnstr.
•*Tg^
sT'j^'rn^
«T^f4!
Dat.
M^^A
sTSMTPi:
5T^»^:
Abl.
^^^HK
•TTvirni
»T»ft«r!
Gen.
vc^^
ST^fi
«T«ft»ll»(
Loc.
^^r^%
*T^:
»T4tj
Feminixe.
Nom.
^
*T^
9T^:
Ace.
H^
»T^
ST^:
Tnstr.
K^r
KWMrnt
VfiM-
Dftt.
H^
Mw^^r^
H^p^r:
Abl.
H^«^:
*r'T»arr»t
wr^:
Gen.
»T«r«^:
vnrit'
>T1«TR
Loc.
*?:!*<« !•<
»T3^s
8TTI
* Short way of learning the forms of ^T^' — Suppose the
word Vtf^ to be «TTi masculine, and decline it like ^BTTy and
for ^ in each form put Kt and for the vowel following, if it be
fthortj put tf, if long, ^ ; for If in the plural put 1 , and you
will get the forms given in the text. The fonn» of tlie Instr.
sing, and pi. are to be taken as ^TRT and M^l^: and not
H^ and ^:* The rule of the change of 7 to ^ given in a
former note shonld be applied. Ihe same may be done with
regsvd to the feminine forms, MfT being declined like fTWf .
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KiH«T UUOK OF bAXftKUiT.
XuuTEn.
JSlitguUtv
i>U<l^
Plural
^oin. and
Ace. %i^:
*T?r
*T^
The rest like the Masculine.
• i^r •
f^
Thi».
Maoci
USfi
fiingnlar
Dtiid
l'l,n;,l
Noin.
*T^
xit
fk
Ace
Instr.
Dat.
All
rrr*i.
Abl
»Tfrnt
^MTPf
^r>^:
Oen.
iTHT
iTTif^:
'r^nr
Loc
^T^\
KT^r:
75
FUJIIXIXK.
Noiik
Wl
rr
rrr:
Ace.
rmi
T^
rrr:
Initr.
•T'wr
nr^irn^
»Trf*r!
Dat
^^
Kr^^rnr
vr»sr:
Abl.
•TWT!
W^^TPI
Hp^rs
Gen.
HWr:
KT^fr:
KTOTK
Loa
»Twni
*l»T«r>:
»TT5r
Neutrr.
t^om. and Ace ffif ^
The mt like the Masculine.
frrRr
FIBST UOOK OF SAXSKUIT.
Ill
Words.
*T^^ tHc/. or
*T^<"1[/ repulsion
<r«nT adj. ready, prepared
9^f^/. name of a coles-
tiol woman
lirtVir »*. ifrfir poet, fin'
lord ; the lord of poets,
the chief of poets
fjlfpr iiul verily
ip>nrnT w*. Jatdi/n, the
lord of %'ultures
''•ferrf «^&'. soiTV, sad, af-
"* dieted
^^r^Tf in, a 8)>ecies of pine
J?nf «rfr. soon, quickly
jpftfTfT «^y. Spr son, and
^^ made ; made a son,
adopted
jt! tw^« <»«?«?• ?>efore (space)
Jf^nrrfr^ «<(/. having
flowers
ITHT »?»• source
IWW ac&'. pleased
fir^^f!! «c&*. /. l^loved,
dearest |
.ftnrnrfPtT/. fror beloved,
and q^r^f intelligence ;
intelligence about one*s
beloved
^Y^/. timid
irfifTRfV / a misti-ess; a
woman having eyes
transpai*ent like iff^
pure wine
^yg^f^ VI. a bee
^^^^ acy. great
PTrrr^ r?. a bower of
eroci>crs
^Tff3 fl'f/. one whose fonn
I is c]..;\nt; handsome,
beautil'iil
^^/. a wife, mate
^fr^ m. habitation [fence
f^iU'M adj. disliked; n. of-
ftdxf. a road
Tq^T*r>». Siva
rmiH'M »». temple of ^iva
^7n?r?5[^ (idj. eager for
union
a kind of bii*d
^<«|' ><• a jewel amongst women
* The p«nultimato H of this U len5tL«De<l and '^ prefixed
to the final ^ in the first fire inflections. In composltioB it
generally becomes T^r.
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\\-2
ri»n BOOK OF SAMKWT.
* ?5m^ f'Ti'hft fronn 1^^ ff^ ^?n I
TlMMotaieN BtrM withw, wterfak .re .pokea by «
kto< who, wUl« mjoTiiig the cMnpwy rf hit belored wifo in
»p»T^ wddenly Ion* htrby Mm* minwailou. occurrence,
ttdiniidei. .bmit Mkinshlri. «d be«t. whether ther can
Si!, ^v "^ /"'•'«8«- •'«»» »••'• The .econd .peech
Wriaj tha mwk if «ld«e.«| to .0 elephant
^i^^^:^"^ whowuaft^d .1 .neetincwith
tSeid tgr one t« iBother abont • tree which wm • great
ImaiHe «ith 6ir»,
H
FUST BOOK OF tAXSKBIT.
US
This U my book.
These men rejoice at their
king's victory.
These girls learn to dance
(dancing).
There are many learned
men in these villages.
I do not sec \ntli these
eyes. [tree.
There is a monkey on this
There is much water in
these rivers.
From these mountains
many stones have fallen.
I beat a thief M'ith these
sticks.
I saw these women in the
temple of Siva.
The sources of these
rivers are in thr
Ilim&laya.
Give some sweetmeat to
these boys,and to those
girk.
I saw a tiger coming down
from the top of that
mountain.
Examination.
1. Which of the pronouns is or are the most
irregular 1
* A dental oonMnant followed by '^ is cbangtd to «![, and \
to a nMiU «![• which is writton m in tho toxt.
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114
WWT flOOK OF aAXUKtUT.
4. Decline iffn.
LESSON XXXII.
Selections for Exebcwk.
^^•'nfT 5?%or jfJq^ 5nf5^ ,
F1K8T OOOK OF 8AN8KUIT.
^ki(\^ ■jpT «r^: m«Rt 5^^ w^ ||
115
-awm^ f ^ ^f^ Tfl ITH ^ f^^ I
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11«
riMT BOOK OF (ASSKBIT.
9^ «rw f^iiT VTi ^ ^iR^ ?nP;rf5rt ^ifl^ft
ii^f^ftr^< ff »rf ii^TiH. II
«ji«»w ff "n^nTT ^rtt^'^ «j|rft5: i
^ Thit word ia deeliDed by Miuply appeiidiag the tenniua-
tioaigiT^ii althc hvadof Letaon XXV. and obaenring ike
t Tha IC o£ thU i« changed to ^ in the nom. aing-i and be*
lore the conaonantal ienninationa.
X Tke dcdenaion of thie wofd ie irregular.
i
MMT book or 8AXSKB1T.
117
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GENERAL GLOSSARY.
NfiJFT adj. all, ^holc
innr ^^^ medicine
irfir w*. fire
•T^ff^/ England
'^f^TO^ tW. ffrfr. soon
•nr »i- a goat
iT^H" n. ignorance
HT^Ue coi>/. Pamtnu to
wander, ramble
vrz^f, a forest
BTff ! ff</r. hence
*rflrftr »». a gticKt
infrr «wrf- w^/**. greatly
*nr «rfp. here
ITtTfT twrf. or
^i^2n(lcot\;.Parai*tnAo cat
ITfTm/r. to-day
^^^fifw. master
K^[^ »ik/. a</r. now
^\!lf9(9f fi. study
W^fSi^ at/J, dwelt
K)pr a<ir. uncertain
«?\9?^ m. %nf^ wi. a
road, firf w. fatigtic;
I.
tlic fatigue of a jour-
ney.
^H»'Hi*( «(/r. after
V[^7xnL disadvantage, evil
KJiflft^ af(/, a servant, a
dependant
BTgrjj^r w. pleasing, giv-
ing delight to
M"^ n, a falsehood, an
«ntnith;<F<//. false, un-
true
^^5 JT '«. the apartment
occupied by women in a
house
K«r ". foofl [place
^T^^intL atfc, in another
V'Tf^TT w. an illiterate
jx»rRoii
K^rr^ »i. a fault
*T'm>T?TT w. iT'Tmr w. a
fault, 7^ M, a particle;
u small fault
KTTrfVr^, w^y. guilty, of-
fending
HTRT w. hanii
vRr ««^ even
VF^T^TR' ". name
119
V
lTf5r*S?T 1^*^ ^^'*'' i^**'
of ^ \c\th 3TPr, over-
come, ovcrpowei-ed
^tPt^P^/ lilting
^rPn^nr w». desire.
i^f^•, to crown
iT^Rr/ not the ground ;
not the suhject or pro-
per place
i^i^^ m, rise, prosperity
^{rm^f. ludra's capital
\{^Mi\ itu a counsellor
^'Tt n. the sky
wffvirf / name of a city
V(K!^ 1^ A forest
Mft wf . an enemy
3i^^p\j^ / name of the
>vife of Vasishtha, a
great sage
^rnf n. materials of wor-
ship
HHT w. one of the sons
of PAndu
HV lO^A conj. Aim, xoiih
IT, to request
VU 171. wealth
Bi^ 1#< eo>y. ParaMffi. to
desen'e
Hl^r^FHC w. an ornament
bo transgressed
3irf^ m. a bee
S^ Iti cojy. Paroifiu to
protect
S|^T?r?r?t;^r.;>rtr(. of IT IH
rotij. ParaiVK trtVA ipf •
descending
BT^T^Vrrr/ repulsion
BT^Tcft/ name of a town
M1t^4^ «"^'' ;>^< ;>«^'' ^^
nrrfT trt^A IPT, having
seen
3T7f3['}. not a thing, an
unreal thing
^nw i ll^ "'• ascribing
something thni i^ not
real
Vl^rW f*h'' faithifss
vr^piy{ adj. helplew
«7^7(^ m, a Kton<'
iT»f 71. a tear
BT*^ w«. a horse
3T^rrT^ 9». name of a man
%^2n(IcopJ, /Vm*w.tol»6
«^4M ronj, PnM^m, to
throw
^^T^ **• tt lie, a fnlHchood
BTftr w«' ft 8woi*d
%T5^ m. a demon, the
enemies of gods, (plurc)
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t^^ n. a mintculotiB
weapon
damage
iminr »«. i*. the sky
«nfiwbr«».ft" English-
man
l^pi^fT^m. conduct, pro-
per conduct
in^^nf m, preceptor, tutor
^IXfitf' * command
WTir *»». a son
v^mift/' * daughter
^fpip^m. soul, self
in^ in. respect
1^1^ m. command
«^jun^ n. mediUtion 1
t^jqr^tooUt∈ tcith ar^'
and with IT, to obtain,
to reach; mih ^, to
cover
«n^/. advci-sity
^Iffgat^ad}. long-hvcd
«n^ ascribing
Y^nf. a respectable per
Hon, name of the remote
ancestors of ihr Hin-
dns
B^juf/ a venerable womah
s^W«r «• covering, ob-
struction
9TPOT m. a hermitage
sn^T^n. a seat
MfftHW ^*'. delighting
l?E^r/. wish
ffJr ind. so, thus
maimer
fn m. moon
|i!jr ''^ 8^ ^^ thunder
|TCT^/ the wife of Indra
1^ adv, like, as
fH [y€^]6M cof{f, Param.
to wish
j^ m. an an'ow
fr /H»«^ ;hw«» ;>«»''• ^* W
I wislied, desired
^lt<co>v. ii^w. to see;
iw<A 1T1 to expect; to%rA
IT to see; t(?i«A^rR to exa-
mine; with W to neglect
(VC «x* Ccd
^^ jyait pass. part, of if^,
spoken, spoken to
^s^eth C0nj\ Pamm. to
gllHIll
121
I 5rnr wi. a hut
;i^<a i ^ ;>««« ;^«- ;>«''• ^^
?jr^ tci^A ¥% dug
^ifX^ ind. past part, of
Wr «<?»^^ ^f having
stood up
7f^ m. a festive occasion
^^^f w. happiness, chcer-
fulncsft, energy
7^ n. water
^f^ VI. the oceau
ZKJ[^ past pass. ;>aW. of ap^
tr»7ATH;^reacIy, prepared
;nTJf m. exertion, industry
^mi^H arj^*. m. i<. ^PT like;
like exertion
^ICTPr w. a garden
^RJtn'/H. application, exer-
tion
^TT^ wi. advice, counsel
77^ II. a garden
gnTfrC »'*• a present
tnrr^/ a shoe
i > n^ wi. a remedy
4H |y^M ^^* a taunt
ir?hft/ name of a celes-
tial woman
Ht^qof f«. name of a king
UtRr w». a sage
6
son-in-law of f^TW and
brother-in-law of CTT
q^;>iOii. one
tpr *"c^» <'^'^* only
tprs^ tiu/. offi;. thus
^p(9{ m. cooked rice
^.
H^^^fJK ? *^^' ^A attendant
on the women's apart-
ments
€(^177 m. neck
sjjnj;^ 1«< con;. Atnu to
praise, to flatter
^pcf^lOth conj. to tell
^R^H f?u/. adv. in what
manner 1
g^TH"/ » story
c|7^ arff. when 1
gfT^^^arfj. m.n. younger
cj^^l /. a daughter, a girl
^jqr II. fi*aud, deceit
^^ i/t. a monkey
yp f t T i)t. name of a great
sage
^q)^ IK. cheek
Tfs^f. a braid of hair
ifpn^lficofi/.i^n. to shake
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122
9iit9r n, a lotus
9i^ m, the hand [car
^ri M' iianiG of a hero, the
^k^f^ad/, m, n, wliat should
1)6 done
9r«f ach\ m, u. doer, autlior
«|i^ffPV7 *'<• iiaino of an
elephant; iKf-.-Hifhr
near Karp.
sipfs^ie. action
if?f^ nf. a stain, a spot
^%¥^/. an art
ifif^ f/t. a strife, a quan-el
^li^ITT '*. welfare, good
ilrfr m. a poet
«irfhr w. ^jffir i>oet, ifij
Di. loixl; the lord of
poets, the chief of poets
*KI*^H ft. gold [wife
«liT7;rr/ A f<^")cde Ijeloved;
*WM /. splendour, light
^nt^7 9n. name of a month
«|iM M* time
to sliine
cUT^ II. wood
IfiTCrrt "♦• a lake
fbfi^i iM. a ser^'ant
f%j mlc. but
^l^iii. a boar
fifffy ind. (ulc, verily
t^tt^cfi i/e. name of tlie
coiniuandcr-in-chi«f of
King Vii-iita
g?Vlff/ fame
2*31*^1 '"• ^ fannly man
3»f^T?r pfttff' p(f99, ])arl, of
^«y?[, hanijKrcd, im-
j>ctlc<l
jTff : fif/f. whence 1
jr^r «</v. whci'e 1
yir 4^/i co;//. Paraum, to
l»c angry
2»HrO/. a vii-gin
3F'H^inT w*. a ix)tter
jnp w. name of a countiy
(i;i (he plnml)
^^\pi\ 2>ni'L pftvaiftn, of
^ to do, doing
^pipry)!'. /)«77. ^/iw, of ^,
doing
5?rftf «'<//'. wi. /*. lK)ni of a
good family [well
^f^^^a(fJ. m. u, happy,
y^ 4//1 CO///. Parasm, to
rmbmcc
y^JJT n. a llowiH*
ggTf w. a well
?^ w«. a tortoise
fT to do; with %^^y to au-
thoiize
1:
fPFf ;xw4 ;xi<w. jHurL of fr,
made, done
•jrf^f/ action
fr^r/ favour
^p^ Ist cmij. Paras in, or
G/A covj, ParoMiH, Si
A (in, to plough
»ji ' tn^^ ' ^ft' a husbandn)an
tijp^^m, name of a iK*rson
9rf 1*^ ro*f/.yl/wi.toljeable
^^tT «fi/*. wj. ii. only
^Iffnor ''<• a treasure
iRtgfV/ moonlight
«finjt7 i(, skill, proficiency
«ftrAir*50 / name of a
town
c^Hn^ f*i. a di'Kcendant
of 3?^
?fit^ lift coifj. Paraffin, to
play.
^Ktrr/ fcix)rt, play
?(?hf jHistjmss, par(, of ?j5t,
l>ought
'tig(q^\(h coiij, Para$m, to
be angry
^!in>T wi. anger
9171^ ^''« two mik's
]^Xr '''• pain, disti'osH
^ iiid. adv, wlifire 1 [give
^in( 1*^ Co;*/. ^l^w». to for-
W^T/, forgiveness
lirt^. (MT^) 10//t fowy to
wash ort*
fir (^f^) 1'' C(*/(/'. I arutm,
to waste away
%1[, ^'^* cow/. Parutm. dt
ii/w. to throw
^y «<//. wi. n, mean
•T^4/A co/iy. Paranii, to
bo agitated
to a holy place
<^>t| i/i. a lame man
??f5" w*. a swoi-d
??r^ U^ lo/f/. Pffyatm, <6
^l/;/#. to dig
^srf'TT "• a spiub;
^par in, a villain
T5^r.'- the Ganges
T^<^/"'' /'^''''' of ^m, 1'^
CO///. Parasin, togo,going
TT'if m, an elephant
q''3j^ 10//* conj, to count
Tf?f pa9( par(, of ?n^, gone
q-Rr/i moile of walking,
going
TfSfiT «((/. ii/.//. goer
'a#//i. to go ; with Kf^i
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121
to obtain; with VJ, ^
go after, follow; tcUh
1^, to know; mth fm,
to depart; irilh ace, ting,
of fTCT or ^nr prefixed
to it, to submit; ^cith
^nj Atm,^ to join, to go
or flow together
J[^^ fi. departure
iTff adj. m.H. censurable
«na{^l#< cotij. Param. to
drop
ipn^ Itt coHj\ Attn, mih
IT, to swagger
TTPT w. «ingi"g.
irnjT 1«< wiy. Abu. \cith
1^7, to bathe in
nPT^ m. a songster
f«f f^ m. a mountain
ifhf n. a song
9{«r f'** merit, quality,
virtue
«[«T^ «<(/. wi. n. ^I^ merit,
and mr to know; one
who appreciates merit
ijfinrt«c//.m.ii.meritorious
;jfop^ ac(/.wi.M.meritorious
king of vultures, who
was friend to lUma*s
father ; the lord of vul-
tures
TP^ n. a house
^^sft/ wife
^ \U conj, Paraan, to sing
iff^ n. family, race
ifnrr^/ name of a river
ifpf ^** ^ herdsman
iffg- m. n. a cowi>cn
ip?^ WI. a work, book
i^ m. a village
iftc«r ^'** summer
tn" w*. a jar
5^ lOrA co;y. to proclai
^ w. ghee
^.
^ ind, ami
*^^K WI. a species of bird
^Tff n. a wheel
•T^ M. the eye
•^tjy ac(/. wi.n. hot, fierce
«EP3- m. the moon
^^ Ui cotfj, Parasm, to
go, to walk; with 1TT» to
practise, to do
»ri^ fi. the manner of
leading life
i^pfij^n. leather
•UK 1*^ conp, Pnra$vu to
go, to move
125
of
n^ m. a bow
Pi^5K? WI. nanie
mountain
fiq^ 10/fc conj. to contem-
plate
p^^^ffT/. anxiety
f^f^^fPT r«'« /^«*«- ?'^*'^- ^^
f^^ thought
p5[^ arfr. long {time)
155 (t^) lOrA co/y.
steal
10(A com;, to drive,
driving
icf|:2f n. theft
15-^ «. Veda, a metre
jSX^f. shade
9nrnL"- the world
,,,Y^,;i. Creator of the
world
l>e produced, to result
upT w. people, a person
,p^m. father; father of
Siti, wife of R<liwa
^iff^/: mother
ViJ^ch ' WI. a jacka
^PTH;>r. p«»<» of fir 1«*
co/I;. i*ara«»i. to con-
quer, conquering [«on
-^(^7^ m. name of Indies
^?r^ m. an old man
1T?t/. old age
•spjf «. water
•ifF^ Ut couj. Paravn. to
prattle
to 1 ^rrm /x«^ p«'-'- o^ 'T^' P*"^'
duced, i-esulted
^nft/. caste, kind
•5inmH[wi. son-in-law
^Tyin^?ft wi. dn. wife and
husband
fir lit conj. Param: to
conquer
flTiM^/if^ii^w*. to conquer
f^TST/. the tongue
f^Tsm »». Prar ^»^«^f .
^^ )i. the tip ; the tip
of the tongue
•ift'^ pait part, of ij, worn
out, old [live
-ifV^ l«e cow;. Param. to
ift^wi. life, an animal
^ac//.wj. w. a conqueror
^n" to know
^Ijfiif in. a relation
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i2ri
11!7
ledge, IT^ »'• "ectar ;
knowledge resembling
necUr
^Hl^^ adj, «i. fi. elder
4iri<Hi /' moonlight
f7»f Ml. a child
igt l»i f'onj. Attn, to fly
<|f |4| iM. ft tank
9fv^pTM-nce
Ifif : tiw/. ode. thence
ffif f M(/. ac/r. thei*!^
ff^^ w. reality, truth
ffin* fii</« a^/i*. in Uiat
manner
ff^ iniL adv. then
fPflT «*•• son
If^ Irf couj. Parasm. to
shine, to bo hot
ffq^ii. religious austerity
ffsff( ff. darkness
frfHW/ night
ff^ mi. a tree
inC^M'Astar
HTcnr^«»^irro/ • star,
^PT fft* ft crowd or clus-
ter; ft cluster of stars
irr^ n, the palate
fi^m, sesamum
^ u. bank
g^C/A CO//;. Paratm. k,
Aim. to inflict pain on
weigh
^jF^ «<(/. VL w. equal
?rB[4/// coi/y. Parasm, to lie
pleased or satisfied
7ir^ It. grass
IT Ut couj. Paratm. to
cross, to sunnount; mth
v(nf, to descend
^IT^ w. light
HT^ \U conj. Paratm. to
abandon
Hjnr w- leaving [gods
f?rr »i. the architect of the
%' .
^Rmr/. money given to
Bi*ilhmanas
^pf\\Oth con;, to punish
f V7 m. a stick
^rorx^/, name of a forest
ipfpfhr «<(/• *'»»w. handsome
^^nctr m. the name of a
king, the father of the
hero R&ma
qr Itl conj. Paratm. to
I hurn
t
to give; nu7// srfiT»*o ex-
change
^^aifj.M. if. giver, donor
fTHFCr »'. poverty
fTET-JT^ m. ^m w». ^ slave,
ifrT i/i. a pci-son ; a man
who is a slave.
^^/. a maid
%*fgFj;5^f/». aged
f^^/. direction
f^^^ C/A oo//y. Paratm. it
/r//i. to show ; with. HF,
to command ; tnifi ^,
to teach, advise
i^f^ m. a lamp
ft^ adj. wi. w. long
K\j€( u. misery [aillicted
Jif^SPf «<(/• ''^•''* sorry,sad,
€:??^fvT m. niJ^ n. sorrow,
^fvi" WI. ocean; ocean
of sorrow or pain
a^ | Ht[< WI. bad conduct
jrf 71. difllculty
ni\^f. nauje of a goddess
jif^wi. a wicked pei-son
TO^f / bad state [famine
j^^ 71, scarcity, dearth,
nf^wi. name of a sage
jff^/- daughter
JrT m. a messenger
If^ />a«< 7)rtM. 2^rt''^ of
'' ^, polluted [to see
^(q^a[^ Utcoul. Paratm.
ij^/; a stone [seen
^q- /»a«/ ;w^i. part, of pj,
jfeimTT *'*• ?fe/ seeing,
JT^TTT WI. favour ; favour
of seeing
I (^), 10/A conj. to tear
\j^^ m. name of a person
^^4I< ^ 7/1. a species of pine
%:ft/. a woman of distinc-
tion, a goddess
^5 7/1. husband's brother
%^ 7/1. country
f ff 7/1. body
\f //. fortune
^ 1«< conj. Aim. to shine
5f«C 7/. money
yj" 7/1. seer; adj. m. v.
^^Ut conj. Parasm. to
water, to be wet
j?pj adv. soon, quickly
jg- 4^A c(>7«/. Param. to
act the traitor
^P^5CT/» wan^o of a to^vn
ftq* 7/1. n. an island, a con-
tinent
frasfif/. Avicked action
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128
\^ m. Uier; adj. m. w.
V.
^7f n. wealth
^ifq^fir «». god of wealth,
Kubera
^9fv[nt^ailj\ m. 71. /. pos-
sessor of wealth
VfiRT «». * rich mail ; adj.
y^jT^ II. a bow
V[H m. duty, virtue
m^ tn. the Creator
mm^ n. eoni
vrrftr^ «. son of ysnm^
^T^ lit conj. Paratm. to
run
^iHi[^adj, sensible, talent-
ed.
^tZ^^^ *T^ lO^AroM;. to
disregard^ to despise
^|tr rt^'.w.n.wi6C, of forti-
tude or patience; m* a
bold or wise man
^[in?m. the god Siva
^ lOth COHJ. to hold, to
owe, to wear
^ lit conj. Paroim. <C*
Aim. with w% to save,
to release, to lift up
\ffi(/. courage
^/. a cow
y^ adj, iw. n, certain
vtfH* ft- sound
vt^ l«(«);i/. ifw.to perish
7{ Ind. not
^njq- It. a nail
^T[X, n, a town
T»T(t/. a town
;r^/. an actress
^^ m. a river
5rft/. a river
^PTFjr /• husband's sister
^fMt/ag"'l
ifH" w. gi'andson
;f)f^ ft. the sky
^^^ Iff fowy. Param. to
bow to, to salute
ipf^ twt/. bow !
SPT w« eye
Tff 9;i. a man
sn7 HI. name of a king
5pr a<//. wi. »*. new
ini:4<A cowy. Pamm. to
perish [ished
Iff* ;ki«< /xiW. ofsnil, per-
jyfif iM. an elephant
flf^ 10(A co7i;. to act as in
a dramatic play
^j9{ ind. adv. by name,
namely
129
5^^ wi. name of a Hea-I fircq^H adj. m. n. fruitless
cnlyRwhi 1-^ t.. — .• t>^-^.*« ^
^jfj^^n^ m. name of a man
;gf^r;j. a sailor
m^ m, ruin
f^j^jp^ «(/i% always
f7{fi( m. a store
fif^ 1«( cony. Aortiwi. to
censure
PFTT /• censure
f^p^ patt pan. part, of
^^^ nith ^^, plunged
in, immei'scd
f^,^ past pasf. part, of
1^ 4rft com/, to throw
tciUPnC, «icattercd
p^^:{^ past pass. paii. ot
^rr^fc/r/* f^, found out,
marked out
f^,^ „i. direction
f^{^^n\adj. in. n. happy
pr^ ;ww( ?>ar(. of f\mth
f?f , rctumeil
f^nrr/: night
fip^fP^ m. an evil spu-it,
or wicked peraon
f^fCEIf m. a golden coin
fifcviTpT past part, of WT
2n(i coiy. tcith fir, ^'«11"
versed
ifr Ut conj. ^arasm. *
Aim. to lead or carry;
MiU W, to bring ; t(Fi<A
qf^, to marry; tci<A STi
to compose, write f
^^H" /• »«^wie; named
5fVf?r/- politics
^ w>. a man
^4//i conj. Param. to
dance
^^ )i. dancing, dance
7^ vi. a king
;^«rt% w». ft king
^T;rrT 7^ royalty
snro «^(/» ♦"• ^'' "^"icked
^?T n. the eye
^mf^cK w- ft follower of
Nyftya
^/. a ship, a boat;^-
1^^ a Ijoat in the shape
of the body
91^^ VI. a school of philo-
sophy
ticc, 5EPTr/ court; court
I of justice
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130
«fflT9|[^fii. bird
ir^iM. mud
^^ l$i co9ij. Farmm, <t-
Aim/ to cook
<n^^n^/. iiaiucof a place
qi^TTT M* <^ learned man
^v^ «. price ; J^^IPT'T »'•
religious merit as the
price [fall
qw 1#^. ca/</. piirusfH, to
qWT w. falling
Sfinr ;xTjf ;*c«W. of qijr,
fallen
^f^ m. a foot-soldier
^^Hi/^ wife
tr^ 4 /A row/ Attn. jciV/a^tj,
to Ije produced, to re-
sult; wilh f%i5, to result;
irith i|x^^ to step to-
wards, to do
inr '<• <^ lotus
qnPEC *•• ^'ttter
m^4 ^<{/* f'***'- ftiiotliers
qXT «<(/• «»• w. very gi*cat
qX'qH^ ailj. m, w. dependent
qi4| lit. an axe
^rrg^nr w. a Br&hmana
hero who exterminated
UiA warrior caste
lMi?«hH «>. an exploit
TfrrPT w>. a ixssult
qfirf?f«?r ««(/". »«. w. what
should Ix! shunned
Tfijf T P't^( jxtff' }*<ii'f» of
in" »^'^^* 'Tft't woni
TT ". a leaf
'T^^ w. a mountain
qF^TT i/i. V. a small pond,
a puddle
q^^ i;i. wind [Ik)U
^fk «'• lndi-a\s thunder-
q^ m. a l»ca.st
qnjpir i/k/. mlv. aftcrwaixlK
^%!^^^ /ww. ;mw. of y^ l*<
cowy. Parasm,, seeing
qr [Pr«[] !«' ^o'V' i'^''^*'"*
to drink ; qV fMssive
qf? w. dust
qjT wj. a lesson
qrnTTHT/* a school
qrl^ w. ft Hantl
qpTTT in. son of qr^J *
king
qj^ Hf. foot
qj^ fw. a ti^cc
«nq w. sin
^n^ wi. a sinner; adj, m, n,
sinful
iff^ \OthcouJ, to surmount
131
qK ft*, the other bank or
side
qrf^rf^ "• a rewartl
qrfuT ♦'*• ft ^i^g
i^pf^Mi.protector; adj.M.n.
fq-try fn. a ball of rice
given to the dead
Rfar m. father ;rfH. parents
^^^^ til. paternal uncle
fftir 10^/* conj. to give
pain to
iftrr/. paiu
w. tail, 3T^7^r*^ w- l»old-
ing ; holding the tail
x;n^ n. merit; arfj. vu v.
holy
jfjip^rtc/y. «i. u, > irtuous,
meritorious
jpf WI. a son
the birth of a son
^ift^ cidj. J^ son, and
^p^ made ; matlc a son,
adopted
j?rj ind. adv. again
2f : tnrf. adv. Wforc (i«.i>rtcr)
jrr *w<^' «^*'' formerly
5tt/. ft town
j^ m. a man
j^ 4/A conj. faram. to
nourish
SfKtnrrft't «<(/• w»'^** ha>-ing
flowers
jfwnr adj, WI. «. flowered
j^^ u. a Ijook
^ 10//t conj. to adore
j5rr/. worship
^<ilWH '*• object of wor-
ship or reverence
^ past jHifs. }>art. of J,
purified, holy
^vft/ the earth
^ ;>«jj< pais, \KOi. of
jpc^, asked
fjjxwi. an inhabitant of a
city, a citizen
xps^ m. intensity, groat-
ncfs
W^\\\ »». liglit [lion
VT^^f. ministry, disj>o»i-
TTfrfirftnS adj.m.v. V[^^/'
natuiT, ftr^ ixtst jyart. of
fi^l^ \9l (0 \th conj,,
ready ; natuml
rt^wi. to ask; tri/A iTf
/i^M., to take leave, as.
at the time of departure
ipfT ^« subject, progeny
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132
1^ m. a wise man
inrjT <ic//.f»i.ti./little, small
Rfa^if iT/ imago or copy
irf^ninr pa*'* P«««- 1^^' o^
ffT irt/A ufiir, promised,
vowed
lrf?r^/ the first day of a
lunar fortnight
^T^Tll' m. conviction, belief
ipi^lO/A conj. to publish
iftpr <><//• m, n, first
previous, g^e| w. a good
action; a previous good
action
irqngf ;>fi«i /KvW. of ^ 4//i
row;. fciVA q*, joined
with
!pi|7 m. souiTe '
l|>fr/ ligh^ [much
7^ «rc(/. w. II. plentiful,
Vf^y* a young woman
iprPf ^* evidence, autho-
rity
tpfm ^ Sanskrit name of
Allahabad
I^Rpt n, inciting, estab-
lishing
91%^;Ku//Kir^of(%ir with
7, entered [thy
inir^ adj\ m,n. praisewor-
ITCW ;>«*< iH*^''- of ^ 1<<
coil/. toiVA n", pleased
q^TTT *'>• favour, grace
ir^«rTf^?f adj, m. n. sent
iTPEjt/. the cast
!n7 i;i. an intelligent man
inf^^ iM* an animal
T(m past part, of %^m\o\th
ST, arrived at, come to
irrft'^T «• proficiency
l^RHf w. a palace, and ?f^
II. surface ; s^l^r^dvV w.
the uppor surface or
teiTacc of a palace
^^ cf(//. fw. «. beloved
f^?nirr/« name of the fe-
male companion of Sa-
kuntabi
fi^H TT /• beloved, dearest
ftrfV^\f^^JidJM%,n, speaking
sweetly
fronJim/ f^^ beloved,
and ir?i%/*.intelligence ;
intelligence about one's
Ijclovcd
jft [jft^r] 1 O^A coiy. to please
iftj%/. affection, satisfac-
tion
\[^^ m. II. aAcction
\^^^ adj.fn, n. very dear
13S
q^ H. a fruit
qpjy^ftp^arf/. III. n. a finiit-
eater
^.
^?^ iM. a relation
^^ n. strength
^T% iw. name of a king
^f^ i;i. an oblation (food)
^fW^ tiic/. out of (used
with the Abl.)
^yj adj. «». II. /. many
ijpif i;i. an arrow [lation
^J7^ fw. a brother, a re-
qt^ III. a child
irr5 *"• ^^"^
firrpr m- a cat
r%^ III. a drop
51^/. talent
gl^U^ Tf^W' mrn'wi.power ;
the power of talent
5\^ Ul conj. Parasm. it'
Atm. to know or under-
stand
^ III. a wise man
in^9[^iii. the Creator; 11.
the soul of the univci'sc
jfffffn^ndj. III. n./. a meta-
physical philosopher j
one kno>ring the Brahma
flilK"^ ^'* nAVae of a forest
Hf^uy in. a JJi-4hmana
ir^ pret, tense ^rd jKrs.
tin J, of V 2nd conj.^ says
^^Tljr lO^A conj, to oat
>^?ntf(r//.i;i. n. divine, pros-
perous
>TfiT^/- sister
vpfVnr *"• name of a king
of the solar race
>fgri;/. violation, breaking
*pfr Ist conj. Parasm. iC*
iiOii.to worship, to resort
to, to have recourse to
^ II. well-being, benefit
vpif n. fear
> y 4 g KC ^^A "'• "• causing
fear, frightful
v^^n, house
^^■^ /'row. your honour
>i^**i«hl^|ii»H^ and^EHFr-
^ III. vicinity; to your
honour
Hf^r^^fir 3iy/ pers. tlng.fa-
tare tense of ^
HrTfV?:Ut/ the Ganges
^fl^ w, a burden
HFlf / >vifc
m^^ 2nd Iters, siitg, tmp,
of the carnal fonn of y,
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134
feel, iii»ke;^rm^^/><^-
of the cnuialy appears
crwlible
-iill^^adj.fiun.viXmi is to bo
^rn^ \it conj. Aim, to speak
«ff ^?[j3]ff nf(/.m.M.brilliant
white
f^ \9t conj. Attn, to 1>og
^r^7 »*. a beggar
f^ to bi-cak
^ftr/ fear, danger
)ft<r w. nanio of the second
of tlic sons of Pandu
)ft^./I timid
fi^\$t conj, Parasm. to l)e,
to Ixxronie ; inlh vt^, to
experience ; frith ^, to
lie procUiccd, to result
i{?nV ''•• reality
^fir/ prosperity
^m. a king
)ipp^ m, a king
ijfify; ground, land, the
earth
^^ cr<//. W.M. very giTat,
greater
^jf^ a(fj,m, n,jl much
i||l^ 10/A conj. to adoni
ij 1«^ conj. Parasm. it
^<iif. to till; fiHr# /x'w.
i«nr nk a fscrvant
HIJ1H M. dinner
^^ fiw^ a vocative
particle
^^ m. brother
^ifp^ jtasl part, of ^, be-
wildered
irfof wi. a jewel
>T«»T7 w. a l>ower
fffif/ intellect
ffW^ m. iish
'^ [in?] 4//* conj.Pat'aim.
to Ik; mad, to err
Iff m. pride, arrogance,
intoxication, insolence
ippf m. the god of love
ifflTrMY/ a misti-css; a
woman having fas-
cinating or lovely eyes
jpy "• boney
iT^qj^ m. a 1km?
^^ 4th ronj.Aftn. to think,
to maintain, to i*egard;
with v'J, to consent to,
to agn»c to
ipr:;^2nr »". ^^nr ««. i-c-
straint;tho i\3Straimng
of the mind
^^^ n, Uie mind
135
If 5 m. the Hindu legislator
jf^ tcith fH lOtA co>y.
Attn, to invite
H^ «•• Vedic verse
H^t w* ^ peacock
if^ 7/. death
if;^:?^ m. wind, a god
*r^ adj. m, n. gi'eat
WrPT'l"'' ^^\ great; a
great soul, a magna-
nimous person
T^rftl w'- ftl "*• ^'^ enemy;
a great enemy
ifffif^^m. greatness
irf^q* m. a bulFalo
irfj^qr gc «'• ^^^ c^'*^ spirit
in the form of a buffalo
Hf?^/ a crowned queen
^l^f, the earth
»r^IWT w»« a festival
Iff ind. not (prohibitive)
ifT ^cith f^, to produce, to
create ;r%'ffil%;>a*#.
H PET w. flesh
mm< [ ^ ' M. name of an in-
dividual
ifffjTy! mother
ifT^^f M. sweetness
H l l^^ / a proud woman
m^ m. wind, or the deity
that presides over it
irr^ 10//* conj. to'seek
iTfif m. a road
iffHT/a garland, a wreath
iffq- f7i. a kind of pulse
HW^dli^ n.ifmwi.month,
^ Htj|( a collection of
four; four months, four-
fold montli
ft^ n. a friend
P t^Hf/ friendship
firfJf'f^ «"^' i>^'^ /*^*'*'- ^^
fif Pf, having joined
g^ jHiH ^yass, j>art. of
g^, released, left
'jf^/ absolution
JH^ n, mouth
5^ [jpjw] G(h coitj'
Varastn. and i(67». to
leave or i*elcasc
j5 Ist cottj.Atm. to rejoictt
JK ith conj. Parasm. to be
silly, lose sense, to faint
]j7^ in. a fool
^35j^nr w- ^^ a hundred;
a hundrctl fools
^ /. an image Or idol
ijHf if5rtc//.f«.M.having form
IT [ftr^] ^'^* ^^"> '^'''*" ^
die
^ lOth conj. Attn, to seek
^ i;». a deer
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136
^ _ »• deatJi
^^T^- a cloud [of clouds
^M*iir^ n. an assemblage
^I%^yr the earth
^^n*%^afl&". IW.W. talented,
intell^nt
'w i». union, company
'*''i^^i «. * priest at the
Soma sacrifice
*u^f Mi. absolution
*j}^^ ••. sweetmeat
"mTh* silence
qr.
^ V w. scnant of Jvubera
^^^ I ft conj. param.
Jt Aim. to worship
^^THTH w, a sacrificer
^ft«i <Kfj» m. w. Ijelonging
to a sacrifice
^1^^ conj. Atm. io strive
Tfit m. an nftcetic
^ir: t#ic/. (Tf/r. whence {re-
lafirf)
MW m. effort
^ ind.adv. where ( rrfa-
tl?r tW. «rfr. in which
manner ( rdatite )
*fr ind, adv. when (r^fa-
tivt)
l^f^ ind. eonj. it
I «r5=^ ♦«. a machine
^BnERf »i- fame, glorj
'nn^^ adj\ w.n. famous
«rr^ 1*^ con/ paroMfn. d:
Aim, to beg
TPHrar w. a mendicant
^mr ;>«*< ;>ar/. of i|7 to
go
^ tciV/i irr, to come
^Ttoith^ and irr, to
come;;HMe;>ar/.5fpn«rnr
'TO/ husband's brother's
>Wfe
^^1%^ vi, a pilgrim
^r^^ t>«^. cfrfr. as long as
JFW f>a*^ Ji>CW#. ;wiY. of
^T^ joined
37 91. battle
3>t/ war, battle
gX ^^^* co'y- -<f^w. to fjght
^ n. a herd
'frftr^ wi. on ascetic
'tNtT «. eight miles
^fhr ««• a waiTior
K.
Wt !«' C07//. pamsm. to
protect
W^n. defence
^^ w. an eril spirit, a
RAkshasa
137
^ITf /. protection
Kf^ P^9i P^9, part, of
?[H, protected
Kf^ w. defender, protec-
tor; adj\ m, w.
^ w. (i/i //ic plural) the
descendants of a king
named ^
;C^ IO//1 <?o;i;. to arrange 1
r^rft/ night
;^ m, a rope
^?nc '<• dust, pollen
1:1^/ pleasure; Uie wife of
the god of love
?Cgr ^'» a jewel
^ m, a chariot
;cunr/ a street
?[^ 1 W eonj. A tm, to l>e en-
gagcd;tM7A w, to begin
0{ 1'^ con/. Aim. to sport,
to be diverted
?CirT ♦'*• tt lover, husband
?C»Tr/ name of a woman
if^ m. the sun
;C^ m. juice
Cr^n^r ">• » wicked pewon,
an evil spirit
cnnOR w» fTC »». door; the
door of a king, »• <• of a
king's house
icrini[ m. a king
Kf^f* a queen
rrplT w. kingdom
<l*^MI*il^K adJ.m.n.Knf^
royalty, wtH' desii*e, KF-
^HT dmwn; dravm by
the desix*e of royalty
?Cn%/ night
1C(H M» name of a person
KTT^ M. king of LankA
or Ceylon, the great
enemy of RAma
nftr *«• 0, heap
(tfir/ mamier, way
^^ Ui conJ.Atm.Uy please,
to be liked
^ to cry
|:>^ 4/^ conj\ Aim, tciih
STJ, to obey
^ Ut conj, Paraam. to
grow; toith lTr,to mount
or ascend
^ inter. 0! oh !
^.
^♦'PT «»• brother of Rftma
W^f" wife of Vishnu;
goddess of wealth
mrtHr/ a Qvicky) con-
juncture
fn? lit conj. Aim, to trans-
gress, to overcome
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13S
wr^ 6/// eonj.Aim. to l^\
WT9^f» shame
f^^f* a creeping plant
I7?rr^ "• * 'K)wer of
croepci*s
VP9[ \$t conj\ Aim, to get
fTHC 1'^ <^^^'i* •^'''** '^^^
H^t to i-etort to
W^mtf. a woman
?^ iM. a particle [RAma
?^ iM. name of a ton of
f^^^ (t'fj, salt; #.,w.
fft^ «• afex [wallow
5^ 4//i ro;i;. Paraan, to
5H 4(/td;0lh €Of\f, Parasm,
to covet, to be fasci-
nated
^niT IN. people, world
fif^m. avarice
^Kf fM. race
YKT^ N. the breast
ipET^ II. saying
^r^l^ N. speecli
^?^ m. a child
ff^ l#l coiy. Ponifm. to
apeftk
f^-fH, killing
f\{ y! a young woman,
daughter-in-law
f;f n. a forest
^^^^nf^atfj.m.fiMving in
a forest
^H^^H *f*' one dwelling
in a forest
7^ Uf co;i/. il On. to salute
^[^l^ n. age.
qjj^H Ml. companion)
friend
^if^jaffj, m.w./one whose
form is elegant: hand-
some, l>eautiful
^^ adv. well
^?nrf w. a hog
?pf^ lO^A covj, to extol or
descrilxj
^ wi. caste, colour
f^^ n. a way
:5f^^ III. a lo>er, husband
^^f. a wife, mate
^ \sl conj, Parasm. to
dwell; ivilh k5t> to »it
upon, to rest upon
^^ ;>rw. ;)«;•/. of if^
Paratm,^ dwelling
^^En%/ place of residence
^^^nr 9<* cloth
fiCPRT »i. spring
ifQ'ii. wealUi
'1
139
^■g^TT'W- ^^'J^^^*® ^^ Kyishiia's
father
^^ w. a thing, a real thing
^ n. cloth
?rj 1#( coifj. Tnrai^m, k
Aim. to l»oar, I'ow
^ ijtc/. or
^r^3Hr/:'r5?rr cleverness:
cleverness in speech
^^^J. speeeh
:!^T>^ \»t covj. Ponmn. to
^/. siK'ech
^X^ »"• ^vind
^j^p^q" II. a window
1^ UV// co)ij. Ahn. n-llh
5Tf4,to salute, to respect
:^pfY/ a well
5^^^ fw. a crow
^^j m. wind
^\fX It. water
^Pff/- intelligence, news,
account
;^r^ in. habitation [rant
m \ ^^ adj.m.n. made frag-
^yg^ m. namo of the god
Krishna
lity, war, ^rfvr»«-F^<^^J
war and pace
f^f^^ adj. m, V, curious
variegated
f?P^ M. WLjvUh
Pamm. cC* i/w«.^ to obUin
^Uh coiij. Am, to be
tlRJay. liglitiiing
f%^;^ ?/. learning, leani
eduess
f^^ «(//. wi. n. learned
f^)'v:r w». fate ; a sacred pre
cept
f^i:^^ adj.m,nM\vX is to l»e
donii
f^?P5f vip n»o«It'sty
f^ hid, without
f^PiT./- advci-sity
\f^^^ adj\ «^/^disliked; n
f'^HHT »"• ^ ^vrong path,
evil conduct
fT5^ r(r//'. w*. *'. with tho
lace turned away fi-om
f^fT n. the sky
f^pT wi. w^pai-ation
f%tr^ w». a cry
{^^ H, a cavo
f^y wi. marriage
^[^ Gth conJ. Parasm. to
enter; vnV/t gtj, to sit
ftg;B;i/)^r?( jMtt. of ^iv
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HO
I%f pure
'^^*^^: t/en. of ft^ijp^
f 3" »'. purpose; for tlic
purpose of rest
^rv w. the uiiivci-se
f%N^^^ „^ tJ,e architect
of the gocls I
^^' y^ »«• warne of a sage
^'K^irrr v. ivason-
"j^a^on for belief '
1%^ w. poison
2^-». Uio god VisJiuu
•^•▼T »». a hlnl
;i[r-,V/,f^, clone, esta
'fhr «. a warrior
T "•,•//. ,(^, to «„,„„,,,,
TWT «. a troo
»y \*i co„j. Aim. to be
frit/, ^, to return
»^ *«'''^* 'W, to l.e,M? l«ick-
jy '-in, ,...e
nt^^jJAp-.toactal^ut
n;!'/ conj. A(m. to i».
civase
7^ »'• a buIJocfc
, f^i^^ m. Siva
irT'-. V«la (Hindu sncn,,i
wnjiturcs)
>>T^ i«. BrahinA
''H}*lco,.j. J t„,, to tm».
1^ l''e, to quake
'^ «. niclcnes., i,„„u.
uence
''TVr/ pain
«T«nr «. difficulty, wldict-
, winess to anytliing
"rnr «*. a tiger
''rnr M. a Iiuntor
««rrr^- «. sickness or di«.
caso
"^ 1»« co„j. paratm. to
Sfr^ «'. rice of various
k"Hl», or a ifmin of it
pndao
^'*^nr/iunieofa wo-
inan
friP l#^ conJ. Aim. to su8-|%?!fC*. '<. tlic toj^, suhi-
pect init
^5fr/ cioubt
fTT »''• a roguo
mr "• a hundred
^r^ VI, an enemy
^^f^y *'*• liostility with
an enemy
'nTtf^rprJ^^A cofij. Parasm,
to be cahn or tranquil
^P^ m. name of a per-
son
^r*5 m. tho g«xl Siva
1JX wi. an arrow
^^/ *'»c autumn
ffOr w. tlio Itody
WC^K^ adj. wi.w. living in
the body ; bodily
^5^r/ a bed
^nr "• a dead bod}'
terror/ sister of lUma
^rfer/ peace
^TP^/ an establishuient ;
place
VT^ to rule
^TRTfj; /)rw. ;)ro7. of fJT^ to
rule, ruling
^nwC ". an order
^ra* ''• a science
ftlX ^*^ ^0"/. ii^w. to
learn
ftnisrfic^ w«. a mountain
finr^ ft. the head
fX[t^/y a stone
ftnrw. welfare, happiness
ftnrpr^r /«. a temple of Sira
ftrfinr m.u. tlic cold season
fifnj *'*. an infant, a child
fij^ wj. a pupil
^fhr w. tho head
^I^ m. a |>arrot
^T^ Ut cottj, Parasm. to
bewail
5>( 1^^ co;y. J/M. to In!
splendid, to become, to
lichove [dry
gjqr \fh coHJ. parasfH. to
^ w#. a person of the
lowest Hindu caste
^y^ m. name of a king
^TPT wi. a jackal
^PTf <^f{/'' w. ^/. goo<l
^^f. beauty
^•i^un ". a oemetory,
a burning-place
V^Vn^]4/A conJ.paratM.
to be weary
Pit \mI conj. Parasm, 6i
Afm. fcU/i VT, to de-
l)cnd upon
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112
1^ to bear
1^/. hearing, Hindu i-c-
ligious books, tho Veclos
a^flfsn^ae//. m. n. one who
knows tlie Yeclofi
^ adj.M.n. best, uuprcnic
i^rir^ adj. m. w. superior,
prosperous
^Jpj m. hearer ; adj. m. n.
WJ%l9i con/\ Atm. to pa-
negyrize, to praise
fW^ 4/A conj. Prtrawi. to
embrace
fiic^ iriVA Kr, to cmbmcc
ifnii III. a verse
^vyl nioth(T-iu-liiw
^if[ ind. adf. to-inori-ow
VTTf «*. a licast of pi-cy
i^ a(fj\ in. n. m liite
jgpgfps ti. clirticulty, jwr-
plcxity
^i^^ w. song, singing
<I^IHHii'ih <''(/• »"• "• eager
for union
^%^ we, a message
tf ffftr '"• pi'oxiniity
^1^5 y; wealth, pros^vrity
Qq^ w. touch, contact
^THTt *'*• prepai'atiou
^Ef>i^ i/i. a i-esting-placc
^m^ m, the world, mun-
dane existence, the
scries of tho tmnsnii-
trmtions of the soul
^f% »//. a friend
^ptjft/ a female friend
hP^ we, a minister
a^m n. the i-cal thing
^^^ H. truth
^^jJH rt(/r. truly
q^>«i( rt(/r. speedily
^ [#5]l«^co///. Parasm.
v'ilh M"^, to decline
^^ /! i/. an assembly
^f^ n/fA #/(/(*. always
^^PTK "i. good conduct
^ noiiu ifiitf/. muse, of ^
y>/Y*. ;wn7. of M"^ to 1)C
^4T/. a court,an assembly
^nrP^^ «''(^'. wi.)'. ^nr ''^{/•
f/i. If. even, f^^ mind ;
uvcn-minded, regarding
all eciunlly
HT?T^.'^ I/, field of l»attlc
^np5'^K{/. WMJ. able, po werf ul
^i;^^ m. an assembly
^1^ m. the sea
^n[^ /{. a lake
M3
^ wi. a serpent
^^^ vul adv. everywhere
^^ t«t/. adc. always
^fq^ w{. the sun
;^p;^? wi. a chanotcer
m- 1«/ co/^y. Jl/m.toendure
^ ind. with
^'SrO / a female com-
panion or mate
?ETTftT5 w«. a witness
^n^f^nr^r ««♦ »'*• ^'' ^^'^^^^
should bo accomplislicd
^y^ m. a sage, a man of
piety; adj. w. >/./ good
5E{F^ lOMco/y. to appease
^K j|; w/. a kind of bird
^rnrfU "'• a chanotcer
^(tf wi. a caravan, a crowd
with prostration or fall-
ing on the eight bodily
members
f%^ 1H. a lion
fe^[ftn.'^]C//i co,j,ra
raifm, d: Atm. to spnnkle
#?rr/. RAmas wife
5 {prefiVed to nonm) good
5fr?r "• ) ^ virtuous
5?rr?Ty: [• o^' «^
g^ftcT 'J. ) action
^^ n. happiness
those who enjoy happi.
ness
Q^I9r^^''<* HfT^^ an atom ;
an atom of happiness
STRs^ adj.nuif. fragi-ant
HH^-Jd 7n. name of EAnm's
chaiioteer
^^Pf «f{/« »«• ><• / fi'agiTUit
g^ n. gold [good
gf^ «((/'. »i. 7L virtuous,
55 tnc/. well
5f^ wi. a friend
^^ i«. a Vedic hymn
^^vnr ^^'* the manager or
chief actor in a play
^55 10//* cotj. with fir [fif-
IJ5] to destroy
^ m, a cook
^ J 9/2. a son
^if i». the sun [movr
^ IsC coifj. Paraitm. to
^ u'lM. KJ, to follow
^ i(?iV/i iTi to spread
^11 Gth cviij. Tara$M, to
abandon or create •.
^fg'yi creation
IpTT/ an anny
"^^rnrfir *"• g^^uei-al, com-
mander of un army
%^ 1^^ coij. Atuu to serve
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144
tn[iin<Airlr, to retort to
l^inif HI. a soldier
titHw. a plant used in
sacrifices, or its juice
tf>*«^lill> w. Monday
^TC pfi*^ pfi*9. pari, of
^, endured
^^M fu beauty
fjfir/. praise
IfHT w. a thief
^<tH fi. a jewel amongst
women
fqr [f*r^] 1'* covj\Farasm.
to stand; ^ ;>amre
^ictlh^nti to get up
firir 4/A coi>/. Parasm. to
feel affection for
i(^ m. affeotion,friendsliip
f^^ l#f cofij. Aim. to throb
^q^ IH covj. Aim. to rival
fijV^GM roi/;. Tamsnu to
touch
f^ /><iW ;>c«w. ;w»7. of
^^[fT, touched
^5y IO//1 «W7. to desire
^5f 6(/i COVJ. Pavamu to
throb
f|if 1#( coftj. AtnL to smile;
tctM flTtto wonder, to ^Jt
disinayed
^ 1*^ cof^j. Para$m. to re-
member; icith Pr, to for-
get
If^fif yr i*emembrance,
Hindu law books
^^ M. creator; adj. «m. n.
lin^ \U conj. Aim. to drop
down
f^pjifil' 14. one s duty
^^|%in' «'!• ^ one's own,and
f^ country; one's own
country
^^ m. Heaven
^«ff%«f«C m. r^nnr dominion;
one's own dominion
^^^/. sister
^f^ ind. hail !
f^f^UT n. tranquillity
^^T? \9i conj. Aim, to taste
lord, jnT virtue, i^?r
endowed or joined with;
endowed with tlic vir-
tues of a lord
^qrf^ i;i. a lord
f^fVif <idj\ M. u. one's own
r.
f 9[^ to kill
f fl: 9/1. the lutme of a man
or the god Indra
145
ff^ m. a deer
fiqf ft. a mansion
f^HTH t». a deadly poison
l^^^fi^ ft. an offering
fig[ Isi conJ. ParoMi. with
f%, to laugh in contempt
f^ m. hand
ff iioith 4', to sond
ffcT^x^'o fn. fu what is
suitable or one who is
kind; n» benefit
f^ n. snow
jTfjpi^fN. firo
^ \H eonj.param. k Ainu
to carry away, to take
away; ioiihH^^ to eat,
or perform a sacrifice;
ioUh Sf , to striko ; wUh
f^, to divert one's sel^
to amuse, to play
jf^ n. the heart
^ ind. interj. I
fj^ ind. adv. yesterday
% lii ami. " Paroinu ^it
Aim. to call
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IL
Abandon v. 99^ \it eonj.
Paroim. qij, 0th conJ.
Par<um. wiU^ (%
Ablo adj. ^W^;— , to bo r.
si^ lit conJ. Aim,
Absolationf. ^t^fn.lJf^^.
Account «• %f^/.
Act (as in a dramatic
plfty) r. JfT? 10^ conJ.
Parasm. & Ainu
Action «• frflry* ^? *^
Action, good or virtuous #.
i».; , previous #,
Action, wicked #. |pcfrf^/
Actor, chief, in a play b^
Actress «. ^ttf»
Adopted as a son /). ;>. j-
Adore «. ^rs^^ 10<A con;.
Adorn «. ijf^ lOth eonj.
Paroim. Js Aim.
Adversity #.irnn[/fiprfV-
Adviso 1^ IfiQ^ 6th eanj.
para$m.&Alm. wUh 77
Aflbction 8. ;^ Mk 4V%/
AfToction, to fool, for v.
f^ 4ih eonj, Paroim.
Afflicted p. p. 7:||Epr «<(/•
Afterwards ck^v.^vPI ^'i^
Again <i<f», j^nC *''^*
Ago #. fir^ w.;— ,old
Tim/,
Agitated, to bo v. ^a^
ilJh eonj. Parainu
Agree to v. ^\ Aih eonj.
Aim. with ^^
All adj. K%9r, m V^on.
Always adv. Wff ind.
Amuse v. % Isi eonj.
JParoim. «Ss At^n. with flf
And eonj. ^ ind.
Anger $. ifo^ m.
Angry, to be, to become
V. gpt 4<A eonj. Paratm.
Animal 8, ifhr m* liTf^PIfM*
Another's q<^if a((/.
Anxiety 8. ^1(9^ f.
Apartment occupied by
147
women in a house I.
Appease v. ^TF^ ^[0^
Application #. ?roht ^
Architect of the gods 8,
Arm #. iTTf w*«
Army^-IPTr/.
Arrange i'. r^ lO^A co»t;.
Parasm. <t -/Kwt.
Arrived at p. ;). irnT
Arrogance «. iTT ***•
Anx)w 5. ITT t/k an^ ♦>>.
Art ». SRW/«
As adi;. f^ tnd. ^TUT twd.
Ascend tot?, ^^f Utem^j.
Parasnu toiih ITF
Ascetic 8, irRr ♦»• 'Wntw*
Ascribing 8, iTR^f w.
Ascribing sometliing not
real#. M^l^lO^ wi.
Ask V. ir^ bC^ ^'^*
coil/. Paroifiu
Assemblage of clouds #.
Assembly #. HHT/'^rTO/'.w.
Attendant on Uie women's
apartments #. i4^*^RK-
9Km.
Austerity ( religious) 1.
Author 8, ^ f2t. n.
AuUiority «. inTTT w.
Authorize r. fT t(n<A ItRT
Autumn #. ijnc?/
Avarice #. H^T *>*•
Avocations, ^ftf/^
A^e #. qx^ «i.
B
Bank*. 5fttw.
Bathe in v. ing' 1*^ <?o»V-
Aim. with BTT
Battle «. 37 ft.
Be r. «; \8i eonj. Parasni.
B^ 2fid eonj. Parasm.
j^ lit eonj, Aiffi, Rn
AtJh eonj. Aim.
Bear v. ^ Ist eonj. Pa-
rasm. & Attn.
Beast 8. ^ m.;— of prey
Beatr. WT lOtlieon;. Pa-
rasm, & Aim,
Beautiful ndj, 7?nf J
Beauty 8. ^|«^j n. i&PTT/-
Become t?. ^ l»i eonj, Pa-
rasm.; (behove ) ^ l»i
eonj. Aim,
Bee 8, irftr w». T^3|ft w-
B eforo (sp9^e)adv. ^i ind
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148
roifiL & Aim, ^(^ lit
conjk Aim.
B^;in v. 0( \$lconj. Aim.
UfUh in [ Aim.
Behove v. !g^ Iti eoiy.
Beloved adj. fJrtTi finWT
Benefit #. ffff ^ W «»•
Best adf. ^
Bewail v. fj^ Ui. eoty\
• Paratnu
Bird i. f%^ HI. <rRr5 m.
Blow V. ^ 1«< C09y. Po-
Blnsh V. wni 6(A eon/.
Body*.>ffm.irttt w.;— ,
dead a fTTfi.
Bold oc^'. yftK
Book #. 5fCT?ir «• irwr«»»-;
— yHinda religious $,
Bowl inierj. spr^ tnd
Bow to «. ip^ 1#< coii;.
i'aroiffi.
Bower i. ir<rrTM«
B<7 '•IpTTC ^
Braid of hair i. ilpKV/
Breaking «. )ti^ m.
Breast #. ^riT^ ^
Bring V. ^ \8t eonj, Ptf-
ra$m, Js il^M. ti^ Hf
Brother #• ^n^ m.
Buffalo #. ir^ «».
Bullock #. f^ i9i«
Burden #. >rK ^*
Bum V. f ij^ IH eonj. Pal
rasfiK
But conJ. f%^ {fk/.
0.
Call V. |[ U^ eon/. Pa.
roitn, & Aim,
Oalnijtobev. f5rK[(lTni)
itii eonj. Parasm.
Oaravan s. ?^ m.
Garry v. «fV Isi eonj. P€h
rasm. & Aim.
Casto#.^«. wRr/.
Cati.finrrww.
Cave #, fir^ n.
Celebrate v. inir 10(& eoni.
?ara#i»i. Js Aim.
Censure t. Rf^/,
Censure v. pfP^ lit eonj,
Paraim.
Censurable adj, xtfH
Chariot $. or i».
U9
Charioteer #. WCPl w.
Cheek #. ^T^ »'*.
Cheerfulness #. ^^^f «».
Chief od/. 5^Wf WPnnT
Child #. ^m w.fiTO*'*.^^
Citizen #. m *»•
City #. iprtt/. gtt/
Cloth #. ^TOT n. irW5 ♦*.
Cloud ». H^ m.
Coin, golden i. fir^ «».
Colour ». ^ m.
Come to ;?. p. iHff ^
Command «. MRfV •**•
WITT/.
Command t% fif^ ^^^*
co»/. Paroim. & Aim.
Commander of an army
Companion i. «i^W ''^o — >
female #. ^Tf^/.
Compose V. ^ 1«^ «^*l/-
Parasm. d: Aim. wW^if
Conduct $. BIWK ^•i — »
bad #. 5tr!CK«>o— igood
i.wfrm W.I— .P'opo'^
Conquer v. ftr !•* ^'V*
Conquering p\ 1>. ^T^^l
Conqueror #, f(^ m. n.
Consent ». ^^ 4«A con;.
Contemplate v, p^^ 10<A
eonj. Parasm. ^ il<i».
Continent #, ^ w. *.
Cook #. ^ «».
Cook V. ^T^ i«< «>*«•
Paratm. & il<i».
Copy*, ni^rfrfir/.
Com*. ^FT ^.
Counsel #. ^^ff w.
Counsellor #. HHIW «.
Count V. r(% lO'* ^^V*
Param. «fc ^'<«».
Country #.^ w*. n^**«
Courage t. ^/.
Court #. ^MT/
Cover v.aTn[ti>W* ft
Covering i. Mi^i^T w.
Covet V. 5H.*** ^V«
Pafxam.
Cow #.^3/
Cowpon «. 'frt' w« •*•
Create v. ^^ 6(A eof\;.
Parasnu HT wn^ Pfl
Creation #. ^Rt /•
lOreator i. vrncw» '^ •*•*••
Paraw. J tci<A W I'M'
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150
161
KfPl^fli.; — of tho world
Creqpcr «. hut /; — h
bower of i. Fnrpiff n.
Cross V. ir lit cof^.
Partunu
Crow «. ifRnr >"•
Crowd #. ?ETnr ^
Cryr.^
Cry i. froi' «»•
D
Dance v. in[[ ith eonj.
Paraim.
Dancing |'- f^ ♦*•
Darkness $. fpr^ f i.
Daughter #. 9i«rr/. 5f|?C
/' %l|fH*ll/
Daughter-in-law «. ^/
Ssr' }«*■>''
I>earcst oc^'. Hi^HH
Death $. ^f^ m.
Deceit «. qfrqr ft.
Deed #. frfir/««rft^ w.;— ,
good#.^^:,^n-
(i^Hi ^WFT «»«ft«hH nu
Peer i. ff^ 9it. ^ m.
Defeat v. fir toUh ^xi 1<<
Defence «.cipr II.
Defender «. cflRC «^ ^
Deity j. %^!rr/
Delight, giving, to i. iTf -
Deliglitcfl, to bo, «[^ l«t
eoftj. Aim. foilli IT
Delighting ad;. MTjj^TV^?
Demon $. *T5[t w».
Depart v. iTK ^'* <^*'*
Parann. tcilh f^
Departure #. vpHT f^
Depend upon v. Ptf l$i
couj. Paraim, «k Ainu
tcilh ^
Dependent aJJ* ^K^
Derive v. Tin ^'' ^^hf'
Parasm. toUh ^tRt, H^
lU eonj, Ainu
Descend v, n Ul coi\f. Pa-
ram, toxin ITW
Descendmg pr, p, iTWfrnr
Describe v. ^lOih eonj.
parasm. & Aim,
Deserve tr. BTjf 1»< conj,
Parasm,
Desire s. ItPthTT »*•
Desire ». ^^ 10/7* coiy.
?a)YM)ii. Js Aim. m-
sej^ U« coiy . Parasm.
Desired;). p. ffS
Despise v. \^ 10^* conJ.
Parasm. it Aim. toUh H^
Diverted, to be ». r^ 1<*
conj. Aim.
Divine adj. H^TPl
Dov. fi, q?4<'*«>'y-*'*^
Doer t. ?|^w- w*
Doing 2>r. 2). 3?^
Destroy tr.qs 10<A co^y.
ParaiMi. i il*«». ^^^'^^
Devour v. ^^ 2iirZ coiy.
?arfl#m. Wt^ 10</» con;-
Para<)W. «k Aim. ^
Die V. 1 6(7* co»y. i«w>. 1 ^"*"b i- • ' ' * ' -
Difficulty,. *RC n. yfr .«. Donor t. ^t,u .*.
Die v.^1 ^«« «^»V- P»- Doubt #.!5rfT/-
;j;.Tion. Driuk.^|n[f^]l**^-^-
Dinner ,. HlTirr «• 1 ^^*'^'"*' _j^-_-.
Direction «. (Hf IT »». »'<"'"'
Disadvantage s. KTf »"•
Discliarge v. WC ^<^ ^">
Paroim. ftn G//* co;y.
Paraiw. Jj i'«*- S^'
[ ^Tl ^''^ conj.Parasm*
^ Aim.
Discasoi. wnrRr ***•
Disliked p.p. ftf^^T «^(7-
Dismayed, to bo v. ft»r 1«<
con/, iim. tvith ft
Disposition «. TTpfH/
Disregard r.>f\l 10^^ coiy.
• Parasm. & Aim^xMi^m
Distress s. ^HO" wi.
Divert oneself v. 5 ^ ^«'
con;. ParoMm. A il(w
m(AfT
Drop down v. *5 1<^ ^^V'
Drop s. RfJ w»*
Dryv. ^I^4<A ^'y* ^**"
'DuitL^te^^-nTC^;
Duty #. >TH WO— !<>»«'• *•
Dwell r. TO 1«< ^<>'y- ^^•
Dwelling i>r. p. ^^Hl
Dwelt 2X2J. K^lRr^^^V'
w, ace.
E
Eager for union adj. ^-
Earth i. «rtV/. I W/-^
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Eat V. %vi 2nd conj. ?a-
roim. «nilOtf* eoiy. ?a-
nMM. J( ii<ffi. C Iticonj.
faratm. A Attn, with
Effort «. iri'r *»<«
Elder adj. TiTRnEC
Elephantf. it7«i. ^XT[ m.
Embrace v. fm( ith eonj.
Taram. fit% ioiUi iTTr
^p^ iih conj. Tarasnu
Endure v.^lilcMij.Aim.
Enemy #. kR m* ^0^-; —
of gods I. K^ m.
Energy <• wcii^ ^vi*
Engaged, to be, ?c^ l«t
canj. Atm, mUi arr
England i. aqpFT^/.
Kngliahman ^ HIRV ^*
Enter v^ ffi([ 6(A con/. ?«•
Err V. iH[ [ irn[ ] 4(A coit/.
Tcanum, with ^
Establishing t. fPTTf *i»
Even adv. arf^T ind.
Everywhere adv. ^^ ind.
Evidence $. T[Hm it*
Examine v. ^ li^ eonj.
Atm.mth^^
Exchangev.fr [^T^] 1<<
eonj. Paraim. w<A irRf
Exertion t.^W[^m,j[wt[^fn.
Expect v. ^l«t con/^^ffi.
Experience v. ^ 1«^ conj.
Paraim. tot/AlTJ
Exploit #. cRCnFT fn.
Extol r. ^ 10^ «wy. ?a-
rofffi. «S5 Aim, VX^^ l»t
conj. Atm. [^ n.
Eye #. ilrir ^» 'HPT ♦»• ^-
P
Face, with the, turned
away from adj. f^^^
Faint v. g|p 4(A coiy. f a-
Faithless adj. ^RjNI^'
Fall r. «p^ li( coiy. ?a-
Falsehood <. s?fr^ n. IT^-
Fame «. lA^/. ITO^ »»•
Family #. ijt^r ♦*•;—> ^ni
of a good o^/. jifFT^
Famous adj. inp^ni.
Fate I. f^fq* m.
Father «. ir^^ «»' Rf? «i*
Fatigue of a journey $,
i53
Faulti.iWtW«»-J— .«^*"
Favour #. JT^W ^ SP^/'
Fear #. H^ ♦*•
Feel V. *T Iti con;. Parasm.
u)iUi IT J ^^
Female beloved t. ^m^IJ'
Fcatival I. »r^rc*W ^ *
Field of battle #. ^PTO'
Fierce adj. ««r»T
Fight v.a^4eAco»v.il<*».
Fill V. ^ 1»« <5<WV- ^«^<"**
Si Aim.
Fire #. «tRT »»• r^a^^-
First ad;* W*r;-^«^y^*
lunar fortnight «. STRT-
Fish #. «n!W *'*•
Flatter v. 9J^ 1«* ^^J'
Aifii. ^
Flesh #. »rW^ .
Flow V. ^ i«« «>^;-
Parann. ii Aim.
Flow together v. ipl. «<^*
^ lt< coiy. Aim.
Flower «.f:aK»».; ^^^^8
— s a<&'. 3«WTft%
Fly V. lift 1«* ^' -^'^
Follow r. « 1«« <?o*y- -''^*
twin* wit/* «T5» '^^'^
con;. Parcwm. tcWl ITJ
Follower of the Nyiy* «•
Food i. ST?r t*"
Fool #. ^ «*•
Foot #. Tlf *••
Foot-8oldier #. qPf «»•
Forest $. ITT^ ^- ^. ?^
*T^/.;-.one dwelhng
in a #. ^rm^^ ^'
Forgot V. ^ u^A ft
^Forgive v. IfPt 1»^ «>»y-
Ainu
Forgiveness s. OTT /
Form, having a<y. qWH^
Formerly cmZw. JH »**<'•
Fortune #. \^ ^*' ^^
Fragrant a(//. 1^
Fraud «. SRq? ♦»•
Friend*. fH^^*-'''^^"*'
g^ w.;-, female i.
tEncsft/ ^ _
Friendship «. FTf ^
Fruit I. qjt^ ♦*• ^
Fruit-eater ad/. ^wfRl^
Fruitless a<(;. (n*^^
a
GaUopr.q^l«*^'y- P^*-
ratm. v)Uh Z^
Ganges #. TT^/^ff'^Oft/'
Garden «. ^WTT ♦»• WI^Tn.
Garland*. »nWT/
General i. fPC^^fir «••
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154
Ceiv. i^l#( €Oi\f. Aim,
0«tiip V. WT [firf] 1«<
conj. Paroim. wUh ^
Ghee #. ^ n.
Girl $. ^«rr/ 5rMV /
Give V. ft [iT^qj] 1#< cay.
Para$m.
Giver i. ffpj « . ti.
Glean v. ^r^ C/& cor/
Parasm.
Glory «. iiff^ 91.
Go r. ipj^ [ ir«5,] i«^ ^Jo^y •
Para$m. ^s[^^ Ut conj.
Paroim, jnC 1*^ «>'*/
Taramu
Go after v. if^ It^ co'y.
Go t<^ther v. iiK ^'^^*
9i( 1#< 0O»(/. iKm.
CUMtt «. inrm.
Oocr «. n^ m. tu
Going ;>r. ^i. *r*B^; — to
a holy place (wy. ^-
Going #.irRt/
God i. i^iSR »«.; a god f|
-wealth ^^nu'r^ of love
«rT«rM,;wife of irv^ I.
cfir/:
Goddess «. ^/.
Gold t, 5^ tu 2|?nP^R' w.
Good ». SKFi^rT ♦*•; o4/*
Grace «• ir^fPT ^*
Grandson «. f^ fi).
Grass 8, ^^ iu
Great adj>r{ffflj vcry-ad/.
Greater adj. ^JJET^
Gi*catnes8 «. inf^ tiu ^^
Ground *. ^Pr/
Grow r. ^g" 1#< conj. Pa-
raan.
Guest ». BTftrfir w«-
Guide <• VIMMM^^ ««• TPT-
Guilty o^//. srqrnRr^
H
Habitation i. Tf^ nu
Hail! tWcr/. ^f|^ wic/.
Haiupcrcd ;>. ;>. yf^y^T
Hand #. f^ fa. qrf^ fu.
Handsome, oc?/. flf^lf^,
Happen r. «t^ 1#< conj\
Paroitiu ioiUh in I — ed
Happiness #• ^^ «)• V^CCTTT
155
enjoys adj. g^JPTT?,
Happy arf/. g?!PinO aF^'
Hami *. ^^m *»• Hff ^ ♦»•
Hater *.%f w>. w.
Head «. <{V^ «• ftr^ *^
Heap «. nftr «»•
Hear V. ^
Hearing s. ^Rf /•
Hearer $. 'jJK ♦"• "•
Heart *. 5f5T ?j.
Heaven ». ^JT ♦"•
Hence rtc?t». BTK^ ««<^-
Herd ». ^ «.^
Herdsman «. tttT ♦'*•
Here adv. ^^ ind.
Hermitage s. BTPiPr ♦»•
Hog ». ^n? *'»'
Hunter «. wn>T ♦»•
Husband i. ^IW^'** ^^"^^
m.vT*m.;-' 8 brother
5.'^w. ;— 8 brother's
wife*.m?j/.;— '««^*^'
Husbandman *. ^^sjY^ «»•
Hut ». ^TxT w».
Hymn, vedic t. g;W w.
I
1 2^ron. BTW?
Idol «. fjfn /.
Ignoi*ancc s, ^^TTT ♦'• _
Illiterate person i. ITT-
Imago s, ^f. trfir^/
Impeded p. p- JP^H
Impudence ». %m^ \
Hog ». ^^F^ "•• ^ x...^.-— ^ *
Hold V. ? 10^/* cojy. ?«* Inciting #. TT^^PT w. L^"'»'
Holyaf?/.'J?rr-2>-r^
Home 8, ^ "•
Honey ». 'T^ »•
Honour, your «m ;>»'0"-
Hopev. ^ tct//* W 1*<
cony. il^M*«
Hoi-se #. ST^ «'.
Hot arf/. *^^;— » ^ ^ *••
Inci-caso v. J^ 1«^ «>»>
Industry «. ^^CPT «'«•
Infant ». Rig w*
Injui7 #. STfij ^ «J.
Insolence ». »rf «»•
Intellect «. KfK / ^
Intelligence ^ ^THi /• >*"
al^ut one's beloved #.
Intelligent (irf/ WTRW.
House ..irf^.H*'l«^ Intensity/. IR^«^
Hundred ..^n. llntoxicationi. iHT i«.
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156
InTite 9. H^ lOlh conJJ
Aim. tpUhfif
InToke w. % lit conj. Pa-
ram. Js Atm. wUh w
Idandi; ijfhl' m. n.
J
Jackal c ^^tfW •*•
Jewel «. Hf^r «»• C'W *••> —
amongst women «. ^-
Join r. n'! «^ ^ ^'^
eonj. Attn.
Joined with ;;. p. IT^W
JuioeiilC^m* [^EPIT/
Justice, court of i. «irnr*
K
Killr.r^
KiUingt. ^m.
Kind «. HTfiry*
• King«.^iii.^RRlr^^^
Kingdom t. n^ m*
Know r. fiT 1#« eonj.
Tara$m. Si Atm. Jt^i
1st conj. Taratm. mifh
Knowing the Brahman
L
Like $. vmK •»• W?C ^
Lame ac{/. ?!rPir
Lamp M. fhr <9f*
Land «. ^Z
Laugh in contempt Vi f^
Isi conj. Taram. xoUh
Rr
Law-book, Hindu «. ^^f?t/«
Leadtf.ijV Ul conj.Taram.
Lea£«. ^^n.
Learn r. RtH ^'^ ^^J*
Attn.
Learned adj. f%lBC
Leathers. ^T'twi*
Leave, leare off f. ff^
[ js:^] 6«A c(My. ?«.
eonj. Parasm.
Leave, to take (as at the
time of departure,) v.
coil/* ^(m*
Leaving t. fHlir ^
Lesson «. qpr m*
Lie «. «r^n!«r w-
Life «• iftnr ^'
Lift up V. yj lit conj. Pa-
rasm. & Aim. with ^
idghtf. iranr«>- ^pwy*
[Lightning i; f^^Ji^/
157
Lion i. (%f *>*•
Little arfj. imj
Liked, to bo, v. ^P^ l**
roiy. ^^»*«
lavov.iK^'* ^*'-^'- ^^
Load#. HKWi.
Long acy. ft^
Long (time) ac?i?. P^^
iivd.
Long-lived adj. ^TfJ^ni
Lord #. 115 ^'*- ^'IT^ wi.
Lotus 5.^^ ti. I j^j^^y ^j. ^j
Love «. iftW-.^tr w. Jnni; j^jj^^^ago 5. Pm? «»
i^;_cf piety*, ^mr «»•
-,rich5.^r«WW>-5-'^^^
is a slave I. fRHC^ •'••'■'»
wise #. fVr w^ 'I^ *"•
Manager in a play t. g;^-
Mango (fruit) #.lTm«»-
|Mannor,in that, adv. ITOT
t)Mf.;-,iuthis,f^iT«twM^-i
— , in what, adv. «CTH
Muf.;— , in which (rekr
tive) adv. iniT i«<^-;— <>*
leading life «• ^rft^ **•
Mansion*. f«f w«
fit. n.
Lover «. TO^ «»• ^^''T^ ^^^
M
Machine #. «n^ ♦»•
Mad, tobev. ^^ I'm:]
4(7* co»y. Parasm.
Made ;>. 1>. fRT. Rft^
Maid $. ff^/
Llaintain v. ipj 4(A co»y.
Majestic adj. ^m^
Man #. ipr w». T^ WK ^^
wm.;— * learned «.s(^«H
Marry v. «ft 1«« conj. Pa-
rasm. & Am. withj^
Master $. %TRnrRr»«« *rt«»«'
l^Iato s. ^Tf^/
Mean (u(/. ^
Medicine i. MT? «»•
Meditation I. un^»». Hf-
1 Mendicant «. nv^^ ^*
Merit t. y^r w. IJT wu;
— ,ono who appreciates
Meritorious adj. fTW^t
oldi.^lT^t»»-rslMe»8agoi.^^t^
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Messenger $. j^ m.
MUcs, two, «. ^FW wi.;— ,
eighty #. ^qfnrr w.
Mind c l^iFf w. ipRf ».
BIinistcr#. ^rf^ w.
Ministry «. iT^rfir/
Misdeed «. jsffftr/
Misery s. J:?gr »i.
Modesty f . f%;r7 m.
Monday «. ii|*nn^< *».
Moneys jfwr ii.; — ^given to
Br&hmanas «. ffH^ /•
Monkey $. ^(f^ m.
Moon «. «^y i/i. ^Tj m,
Moonbglit f. ^rsft/. ^-
Mother #. ifppft/. irr?^ /
Mother-in-law $. M^/
Mount r. ^jf. ly< c<wy.
Pamsm, icil/i hF
Monntain#. (irft wi. q^
Month «. 3^ K.
Movov. ^ Ut covj. Pa-
ram. ^t^ Ul conj. Pa-
r€um.
Much ac[/. mjir, ^ .
Mud Jii qr|^ m.
Musio i. ^hiftir '<•
N
Nail #. 9n7 It.
Name *. K^T^T^ »»* 'nf^'**
Neck «. ^f^v? m.
Neglect V. ^ IW conJ,
Ainu icilh 97
New aJj, spT
News #. ^nrf /
Nichais, called adj, sft%-
Night #. Hnft/ Rwr /
Not aih. ^ t«c/.;— (prohi-
l>itive) JTT tnd.
Not ground #. ar^Rr/-
Nourish r. j^ 4(7* conj\
Tcmsm,
iw^oy. ^ incL ^ tuc/.
Oljcy t'. ^ ilh conj, Atnu
tci(h ^
Oblation (food) i. ^f^ tn.
Obstruction s, ^THTT w.
Obtain v. rm^ 1st covJ.
Parasm, with arf^, f^
rasm. & Atm, f^ l*i
coiij, A tin.
Ocean 9, ^^ m.
Offence i. f^f^^ n.
150
Offending rf J/ BTTOp2ri 1 ^^^"^^ '• '^ r Lrrf m
8ff ringl fft^n. ^ m. Paih, ™B^^ "'
Order*. vra'T *'• «««"/• .
Order v. f*«l 6<A con;. ^'"•-
Ornament ..M**«Tt «• ^r*"'' '^^ ^1.':'^^
Out of prep- ^f^ *'*^-
Overcome v. H^ ^'f «>n;'
Atw.
Overcome \ P* P* ^^
Ovci-pov'ercd J ^
Wo— ». irm w.; wicked
— i.f^OT'rt^'^-^Wir^w-
Philosopher, metaphysical
#. ?wP*5 «<(/•
Pilgrim f. mft^ ♦''•
Ovei-po^'ercd f ^ residence #.
Ower. tj lOt/i conj. -^^y^^
W-
Own, one's arf^. FJ^
P
Pain #. #^ w»- ^'^WT /•
tftTT /.; to give-to V.
fftxlOf/* co«y. Parawi-
& iitm.; to inflict—
V. ij^ 6(A coji/. Taratm,
Palace #. ITTOTT *»*•
Palate #. m5 »«•
Pardon t.^nn/ t*^'
Plant, creeping t. wnT/-
Play «. ?StTT/-
PUy r. i«tT l'« ^'y* ^*'
Please r. ift [ IJH] ^.^^^
conj.Tara8m.Ji Ainu
^^ Ui covj. Aim.
Pleased p. p. imW*-"t to
be V. g^ 4</* wy. ?«•
Pardon t.OTT/ L*^' ••««r.t.
Parroti.^^. I Pleasure t. nfT/ OT^.
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Tarmm. and 6A €onj.
Jparam. k Aim.
Poett. qr^m.; lord of— «,
Pollen #.nr^f>.
Pond, small #.frvfFrivi.ii.
Poorifrf/^ftj
Poverty J. ^fl%^n.
Powerful ck(/. ^i|t^
Pnctbe r. ^u^* «^
^^oim^^Xf^ \$t cofy. Atm
tn^ltteonj. Aim.
P^»wwwili7 adj. ^n^
P«** )imC 1#< eofy\
'PrmMt f Parasm.
ftraceptittcrodt. ^Wr iw.
P*^©oeptort. irnrnf *i«
PropM»tion t. ^>|fc m.
Pr»p*wd adj. 9Wj^p.p»
Pnamt$.^q[m^m.
Bride #• irf m.
nrieetat the Soma gacri-
fice#. 4^Ui«^ HI.
fvoeltim p. j^ KM eofy.
Produce v. iff «?»<* Prf
Produced, to be, f>. 3j 1#<
j €»»/ ?tfr«#j»i. ioilh ^nt,
«n^ [m] 4rt e&nj. Aim.
«nE 4<A «my. Aim. wM
Profession f.fplT/
Proficiency t,ijpfhnTn.
Proficient a(^'. fi^^
Progeny f.inrr/.
Prosperity #, si^vf^r m.
Prosperous ck(f.i|ftir^ ^.
Protect If. ^ 1,/ con/.
Param. sr^ U< conj.
Paroim.
Protector #. (fnT^ m. ^f^
m, n.
Proximity #.^f^„j.
Publish a int lOtt eofi/.
Param. k Aim.
Puddle #. iriiT^ »|. n.
Punish r. fir^ lOrt foiy'.
Porofiw. k Aim.
Pupil t. ftjcif 1^
Purified />.«, wf .
Q
Quake r. ^ U conj\
Aim.
ICl
Quality i.^in.
Quarrel «• qrrf^ m.
Queen «. ?or^/; crowned
— *. T^^/
Quickly oc^v. j^
B
Race i. Tttw ^ 4^*>^
Bamblo v. h; 1«I eonj.
Paroim.
Beady oaf/. gnnT ;>• p.
Beality i. fpF^ n. ^j^ m.
Becourse, to have, to v.
H^ lit conJ. Para$m &
Aim.
Begard v. irgr iih conj.
Aim.
Bejoico V. sq[ \ii conj\
Aim.
Belation #. ^r^ m.
Belease v. 3[^[ SPP^] 6<A
coiy. Parasm. «k /^ni,
y 1#< and lOiheonJ. pa-
rattn. Si Aim. wiilk 7?[^
Eemedy i^ 9^rnT ^«
Bemember v. ^ Iti coiy
Parasm.
Bemembrance s. ?F9/St/
Eepulsion s. WT^Vt^/.
Bequest v. an( 10(A ccfi/
iltm. mth ST
Parasm. mih i%
Bosort to tr. vfir lit eoj\j.
Parasm. & Aim. fPR^
Isi conj. Aim. with wn
Bespect «. inf^ ^«
Best upon v. «n[ tsUh «Tf^
Best, for the purpose of
fl ^ rH^<?r: ahl or gsUf
of fWR^ w.
Besting place s. ^^f^ m.
Bcsult s. trft^TPr ^»*
Besult V. )2l ^'^ ^^y*
Parasm. wMk ^nt, ^f[%
l'S^r]iih conj. Aim. ^
Mhconj. Aim. wUh^pii
or wiih f%^
Betum V. fw lu conj.
Aim. with f^
Bevore v. ^ 10<A ^n/.
parasm. & Aim.
Beverenco, ol^ect of,
3[5rnPTnr «•
Beward s. «nft7rff^ n.
Bice «. ir^yjl^ m.jball of—
given to the dead s.
f^^>T^n. ; cooked— «. s^
^m.;— of various kinds
(agrainof )t. iftt^m.
Bisc s. H^TIR fn.
BIso V. }m [f^] lit coiy .
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162
'N
Eivml V. ^ 1,^ ^„.
Aim.
BiTcr#.ir^w. snjt/.
BudencMf.Vmirii.
Baling ;,r. p. ,rr^
B^ «'. m% l9t conj.
Paroim.
a
BMri&ct, belonging to a,
«ir. ^rftiT; to perform a
'^:Wl9teonj.Param.
s^«y.yftnr,r%ir^/7.p.
Salute 1^ ;n( 1,< ^^y
Panum. ff^ 10<A coii/
Taratm. Jt Atm. with
•tPr *.e. the causal of
^ 1#< eonj. parasm.
•^ Kft, ^»=? la couj.
Aim. ^
^P'P'frt^in^p4r/.p. act.
Stttiified, to be, v.^ith
«>»/ Taram. ^ 4^a
«>«y. Parai/fi.
S*ve ». y 1,^ ami lO^A
Scattered p.p.j%^
Scienoo *. ^rr^ „,
Sea * ^rgy «».
, Scat t.wi^n.
SCO t. t^ UC conj. Atm.
Ut conj. Paroim.
Seeing ;,r. p. ,r^^
Seek V. irn^ lo^A «>«y.
lOlh conj. Aim.
Sccr '. rf «•. n.
'Scif#. *n?»r*t«.
Send fy. |<|^ tcith q
Sense, to lose, t;. gy a;,
I ^''/« Parastn.
Sensible adj. \fi^
Separation #.ft^«.
Serpent #.^w.
Servant «. f%^ ^. ^^
Scrvep.U^l^^^y.i^^
163
Sesamum #. ftw f».
Set about V. f?!;^ 1#/ conj.
Aim, wUhsf
Sex #. f^. n.
Shade i. OTTT^*
Shako V. ifpwf 1#^ cow/
Aim.
Sliamot. FyT3Tr/.;to ^ecl—
f. H^ 6(/a co/iy. il6».
Shine v. gffr^ 1«^ <»'»/•
if^wi. toUh ij, ffi^ 1«<
co«y. Aim. f(^ Ut conj.
Parasm.
Shoe #. grqrrf/.
Show p. (^m Glh conj.
Parasm. J: Aim.
Sickness *. s^srrfVT «*•
Silence s, ^t^ n.
Silly, to be, V. 55" 4^A
conj. Parasm.
Sin «. qrr w.
Sinful a(//. qPT [fo^w.
Sing V. It 1«< ^O't/- P^^'
Singing *. M^HrC w. ITTT «•
Sinner #. «rnr <^(U*
Sister #. ?f^rqr/.
Sit v. fir^ 6<A co;i/. ?«-
ra«;;i. with <nT, ^e|[ l«^
com/. Parasm. with f^
(<^^);— upon V. ire
Skill s. ^^rj^ n.
Sky t. arnKHTw*. ". ITRn:
Small (w//. ijTrS
Smile V. ftjf 1«< co/y. Aim.
Snow #. f^ «.
So adv. ff^ ind.
Soldier s. t\p{'JH m.
Son #. j^ i;i. «T5T'T w. W
^am m.
Song #. ^^T'rfVtT n. xft^ n.
Songster s, 7ix^^ m.
Son-in-law #. ifT'Tr^ w«
Soon adv. jpn^
Soul s, Hn»r^ «»•
Sound *. ^f^ m.
Sorry oc//. j:fcnr
Source*. ^^ m.
Spade *. 7^^^ n.
Speak r. 5^5 1«< conj. Pa-
rasm, >n^ 1*^ ^^o'y- •^'"**
Speech s, ^r^ / ^frtY /.
Spirit, evil, s. Rvi^C «»•
Splendid, to be, ^ Isi
conj. Aim.
Splendour #. e|\l(«^/*
Sport #• ^rVtt/.
Spoi*t V. xj(, 1st conj. Aim.
Spot #• tht^i^ i/i.
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164
%reiui p. 9 in conj. ?<i-
ratwhtptih ST
Spring #. ^TQ^ w.
Sprinkle ir. ftrrCRnp^c]
6rt cow/, param. Js
Stain «. qfnri^ m.
Stand r. ^^ [fim;] 1#/
«Mi/. TaroMm.
Star #. iiK^ H.
State, bod #.yfOT/
Steal V. ^ lO^A WW/. ?a-
Step towarda v. qr^ 4^»
«m/. Atm. vfith irfir
Stick «. fvi- m. irft/
Stone #. %Hr /. flHE /
Store 9. ftrf^ wi.
Story «.qpiT/.
Street j; KVfnf.
Strength $. ^^ n .
Strife a iirfiSr w.
Strike «. f 1#4 conj. Pa-
rasm. & Aim. with ^
Strive irnl#^co;*/. Atm.
Salgeet a xrrnif.
Submit r. ijij li^ con/
jparam. toUh aec. 9ing.
o/'ff^^orfir
Succcwa^FTirm.j'^irirw.
Suitable, what is, adj. ff^
Summer a ij^ w.
SummifcaftngXw. »«•
Sun..,pf ,«. ^„..^.
Superior a(//. ^, i^[7^
Surface, upper, of a pa-
Surmount r. w 1^ eonj.
Faratm. toith^ni ^^ ^
<rrj 10<A co;y. Pat atm.
&Alm.
Surround v. ^ with q^
Suspect V. TO lf4 com/.
Swagger i;, ii^ Ut eonj.
Atm. with ST
Sweetmeat a. H\i^ m.
Sweetness a irr^ n.
Sword a hRt »». ^y nu
T
Tail a HTffFr »».
Take away r. if li^ coiy*.
Paroim. Jk ^^^w.
Talent a fj^/
Talented o^/. ^^, ^.
<^
Tank i, inrnr m.
165
W? W mj.
con;,
idith
Pa-
Tosio «•
Taunta OTIH^Tw.
Teach t>. f|^ Gth
Parasm. «fc >ffm.
Tear a H^ w.
Tear «. v lO/A ron/
rasm. Si Atm.
Tell 1?. qRiti lO^A conj. Pa
roam, d: Atm. ^f^ IH
conj. Parasm.
Temple a ^f^gpT 9i./— of
Siva a f^T^rnir w.
Terrace of a palace t. TT-
That ptvw. IT?, %Tf5
Thefia^^w.
Then orft?. tT^ twrf.
Thence ado. ^PTJ »«<^»
There a<f o. ipr ♦n</.
Thief a ^?hT «»•
Thing a ^fff «.; real—*.
^^w.
;not
n.; unreal — a BTTQ »*•
Think v. «n^ 4^* oon/. ^<»i.
This pron. qir?, rnt»
Thou pron. 50^5
Throb 0. one 6ih conj.
Parasm. ^pr?^ Isi conj.
Atm.
Throw 0. K^ 4^/* ron/.
Parasm. f^ 6th conj.
Parasm. k Atm.
Tliunderbolt, Indra's, a
qrfirw. {ind.
Tlius adv. yf^ fwrf. qix
Tiger a s^nr ^'^
Time s. j^jih «i.
Timid ac(/. ^; ^ft^T/
To-day arfo. ariT »wd.
To-morrow arfo. ^i^ twd.
Tongue s. Rrs^f/.
Top a ftnsn: «». ^«.
Tortoise a ^ fit.
Touch 1). ff^ 6th conj.
Parasm.
To^vn t. ^PTt «». jfr/.
Traitor, to act the v. ^
iUh conj. parasm.
Tranquil, to be 0. ^^
rasfn.
Tranquillity s. ^^TH^fi.
Transgress 0. WS l^ conj.
Atm.
Transgressed, that cannot
be, 04/. WJpftir
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166
Treasnre #. m%! m*
Tremble v. %^ l^ emj\
Atm.
Truth 9. inr w- ^mr «•
Tree #. fir ^- TH^fi.
Tator «. irr^pf «»•
Uncle, paternal 9. fqrpir
Undersiand v. f^ 1«<
ron/. Paraan. Si Aim.
XTniverse «. f^ ;n^n. n.
Untruth #. «r^ ii.
V
Verily arfi>. f%^ tiirf.
Verse t. ivhii i».;Vcdio — #.
Vicinity t. ^H%ftr w-
Victory «. fi<in w.
Village «. qjir*''-
Villain #. ispar m.
Violation «. 'iff^ m, '
Vii^#.3SHrtt/-
Virtue «. ^if w. jpr «»•
Virtuous «<(/.«n»iWT,5F^
Vultures^ lord of, «. ^-
^nripi. I
w
Wait upon V. ^ l«i conj.
Parasm. with irfc, llT'C
lit conj. Aim.
Walk v. ^ 1<< row/. Ptf-
Walking, mode of, #•
irRr/.
Wallow u. jf^ 4<A row/,
Par(i#;;i.
Wanderu. 3?^ 1«< «>*•;•
Prtra^m.
Warrior #. ^Jp^j »». ^ w.
Wash (r. ^n^ 10^*
Wash off J . conj.Parasm.
\- ^ Aim.
Waste away r. f%r 1*^
conj. Parasm,
Water*. sffV n. !ItR: ».
Water t>. J Ui conj. pa-
rasm.
Way*, ^^^n.
We ;>row. arFr?[
Wealth*, xp^ n. ^^ n.
Weapon, miraculous, «.
Wear r. ^ 10/A «>«/. ?(f-
lYitM. & Aim.
167
Weary, to be, t>.v^[wtl
iih conj. Paroim.
Weigh V. jw 10^/* Co;!;.
Parasm. «Ss ^^;;i.
Welfare *.5^fr?irrT w. f^n.
Well (k//. ^A| f?^H
Well ado. ^ ind.
AVoU *. i^y. ^T w.
Well-being #. ^ w.
Well-versed <w(/. RrcTPT
Wet, to bo, J 1*/ conj.
Parasm.
What inierr. pron. RfTH
What is to be adj. HTft^
Wheel *. ^^ n.
When i*i^;r. ck/t^.ifnrr ^'J^^.
Wlien rekU. adv. z^ ind*
Whence inierr. adv. jpf :
ind.
Whence relai. adv. ipTJ
Where inierr. adv. ^
ind. ^ ind.
Where relai. adv. ^^ ind.
Which inierr. 2>^n. f%i(
Which relai. pron. t^
White adj, ^; brilliant
Who inierr, pron, ^f^
Who relai, pron. i|^
Whole adj. STftpv
Wicked ftrf/. ^OT"
Wife 8. vTPrf / 'nsft /
?KF<TT/ ;— and husband
Wilderness i. H^'^ »«•
Wind *. q^T^r «»• TFCT *»•
Window *. ^rnrPTT w-
Wise adj. vfV;c
WishLf^OT/
Wish V. f^ [T«5S.] 6<*
con/. Parasm.
Wished p.p. fZ
AVith ;)r»;7. ^ iwrf.
Without ;>r<;). f^ *'*^
Witness i. ^rr^r^m.
Woman s. sfrtV / fWTT
/.; — of distinction i.
^/.; proud—*. irrMt
/; venerable-*. B^rBTT/j
young—*. iHTfr/ ^Ti/
Wonder r. ftic Isi conf.
Aim. wUhf^
Wood *. siTO M.; (forest)
Work *. ipq* w.
World *. ^t^ w. innj ♦«•
Worn p.p. qftfllT
Worn out p,p. ^ft^
Worship*, girr/j mate*
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rials of— A ^vi n.;\ T(tram.i i^;f^ p.p,
object of— * ^l!TWT»r»«-(Writo (a book) v. ift IH
Worship tf. js^ lOth eanj.
Tnram. «fe Atm. ^^
IH eonj. Param. A
AlnL^CK iKcon/. Pa-
ram. Jb Aim.
WwathAirmr/
Write «, 1%!^ 6<A con/.
con/. i*aratm. ^ J^m.
with 11
Written p. jD. srift?r,iflr(^
Y
Yesterday oifr. |j^ ind
Yon pron. S^rf
Younger ac{/. mpfhnsC
LIST OF CORRECTION!?.
P. 23, 1. 5, /or ^7^ rend if^,
P. 26, 1. 7,y<)r advis read adviso.
P. 43, 1. 1, fdr ?/i«ra ivad ?/?n-rt/.
P. 59, 1. 8 from bottom, /or ^Jfif^: read VTOf^":
P. Gl, I. lost, /or Lakslimana ?'(;»(/ Lakslnnana.
P. 80, 1. 12, /or vowels read 5?.
P. 95. 1. 4 from bottom, insert ^m \i { after and.
Pp. 97, 98, for wi. ii./ wad adj,
P. 114, 1. last, ybr hould read should.
P. 119, , nght hand col., tor plure vcad plur.
P. 120, 1. 5 from bottom, put m. after BTrtTT.
P. 124, 1. 15, right hand col., Jbr proclai 7'ead pro-
claim.
P. 125, 1. 2, ;/br jacka rear/ jackal.
P. 134, 1. C, left hand col, for ^xm^^ rcac/HTE^-
P. 137, 1. 16, right hand col.,ybr ;5:f read ^.
P. 138, 1. 9 from bottom, left hand col., /or ^^ read
P. 142, I. 10, right hand col., /or fHT^T read ^TtTtT.
— , 1. 6 from bottom, left hand col., for ^nr»fP5PF
read ^^U^^^
P. 164, 1. 1, left hand col., insert ^ after v.
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